Biological Levels of Organization

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Biological Levels of Organization

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• Cell basic unit of structure and function
• Organelles structures in the cell that perform
  specific functions
• Groups of cells form tissues.
• Groups of different tissues form organs.
• Groups of different organs working together form
  organ systems.
• Organ systems make up an organism.

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Organization of the Human Body

1. Body cavities
2. Layers of membranes within body cavities
3. Organ systems

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1. Body Cavities

• Axial portion head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular portion upper and lower limbs
  (append to hang)
• Axial portion
• Dorsal cavity (dors back)
• Ventral cavity
• Dorsal cavity
• Cranial cavity (cran helmet)
• Vertebral canal

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1. Body Cavities (cont.)

• Ventral cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are
  separated by the diaphragm.
• Mediastinum
• A region that separates the thoracic cavity into
  2 compartments containing the right and left
  lungs
• All other thoracic viscera (organs) are in the
  mediastinum.

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1. Body Cavities (cont.)

• Abdominopelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity contains stomach, spleen,
  liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the
  small and large intestines
• Pelvic cavity (pelv basin) contains the
  terminal portion of the large intestine, urinary
  bladder, and internal reproductive organs.
• Smaller cavities in the head
• Oral cavity
• Nasal cavity
• Orbital cavities
• Middle ear cavities

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1. Body Cavities Summary

• Appendicular portion
• Upper limbs
• Lower limbs
• Axial portion
• Dorsal cavity
• Vertebral canal
• Cranial cavity
• Oral cavity
• Nasal cavity
• Orbital cavities
• Middle ear cavities

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1. Body Cavities Summary (cont.)

• Ventral cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Mediastinum
• Right lung
• Left lung
• Abdominopelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity
• Pelvic cavity

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2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes

• Thoracic membranes
• Walls of right and left compartments are lined
  with parietal pleura (pariet wall pleur
  rib)
• Lungs are covered with visceral pleura
  (viscera organs in a body cavity)
• Pleural cavity fluid-filled space between the
  parietal and visceral pleural membranes
• Heart is surrounded by pericardial membranes
  (peri around cardi heart)
• Visceral pericardium
• Parietal pericardium
• Pericardial cavity