The 19th century in France.

1
The 19th century in France.

• An overview.

2
The era

• The 19th century in France was an unstable time
  during which there were seven different political
  regimes
•  and on top of this, three revolutions!

3
What types of government were there?

• The revolutionary ideas of liberty developed into
  a series of little revolutions and alternating
  authoritarian and liberal governments
• Consequently, it was a time where there were
  great divisions and contrasts in daily life

4
Contrasts 1.

• The comfortable middle class and industrialism
• Wealth versus poverty

The life of the comfortable middle class.
5
Contrasts 2.

• Conservatives versus Scientists
• Monarchists versus Republicans

Emperor Napoléon III
6
Contrasts 3

• Romanticism versus Naturalism
• Religion verus Atheism
• Conservatism versus Socialism.
•  

Emile Zola a realist
Victor Hugo - a romantic
7
Outstanding progress

• This era was characterised by
• Outstanding scientific and technical progress
• Important medical discoveries
• Industrialisation
• Rapid mecanisation of manufacturing industries
• Extension of the rail network

8
Problems

• The Industrial Révolution created its own
  problems
• Workers and womens rights
• The hours of work
• Child labour
• The question of working for a fair wage

9

• However, there was economic stability and a
  general optimism.
• Capitalism was triumphant.

Les passages the Arcades - provided a sheltered
and pleasant atmosphere to stroll and shop.
10
Political life

• It was an era of great political movements.
• liberalism
• communism
• socialism
• anarchism
• nationalism  

Jean Jaurès, was a socialist who was assassinated
on the eve of World War One.
11
La Belle Epoque.

• The last 20 years of the 19th century and the
  period immediately preceding World War I are
  today called "la Belle Époque".
• During this time, pleasure reigned, and a 'joie
  de vivre' characterised the daily lives of some,
  while others had to face day to day difficulties.