The MOLE

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The MOLE

• The Center of the Chemical Universe

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The Mole

• Does NOT refer to a small woodland animal who
  lives in underground tunnels
• Does NOT refer to a pigment-enhanced area of skin
• Does NOT refer to an informant placed inside an
  organization
• Does NOT refer to a Mexican cooking sauce
• DOES refer to the MOST IMPORTANT COUNTING UNIT
  OF.ALL.TIME!!!!!

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The MOLE

• IS A COUNTING UNIT FOR CHEMISTRY.
• Is equal to 6.02 x 1023
• This is a very, very large number. Move the
  decimal over 23 times. Do it now. Do you think
  you get how big this number is?

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The MOLE

• How many is in a pair?
• 2 is right, good job. How many are in a dozen?
• 12. Right again, you are smart. Now.how many
  are in a gross?
• 144. It doesnt matter what you are counting,
  its the counting unit that tells how many.

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The MOLE

• IS a counting unit for chemistry.
• A mole is 6.022 x 1023 atoms or molecules.
• We need a big number because atoms and molecules
  are so small.
• What if..we counted regular items in
  moles????????

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The MOLE

• One mole of paper clips connected would circle
  the Earth 400 trillion times. If you connected
  them at a pace of 1 million clips per second, it
  would take 190 million centuries to create the
  chain.
• Would a mole of rice fill up this room?

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The MOLE

• NO! It would cover every square inch of the land
  area of Earth to a depth of 75 meters!
• One mole of rice grains is more than the total
  amount of ALL grain grownSINCE THE BEGINNING OF
  TIME!

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The MOLE

• Try a quarter of a billion years!
• A mole of rain drops put in a 30 m diameter tank
  would require a tank that had
• SIDES 280 TIMES THE DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH TO
  THE SUN!
• A mole of hockey pucks would weigh.
• AS MUCH AS THE MOON! WHOOOO!

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The MOLE

• Would a mole of marshmallows (the big kind, not
  the little hot chocolate kind) cover all of
  Oregon if you spread them all out?
• NO WAY!
• It would actually cover EVERY SQUARE INCH OF THE
  UNITED STATES TO A DEPTH OF 650 MILES!!!!!! (by
  way of comparison Mt. Hood is a little over 2 mi.
  tall)

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THE MOLE

• Would a mole of marbles (standard size), arranged
  in a perfectly conical mountain, create a
  mountain as big as Mt. Everest?
• DONT YOU GET IT YET? IT WOULD MAKE A BEHEMOTH,
  GARGANTUAN MOUNTAIN 116 TIMES THE SIZE OF MT.
  EVEREST! THE BASE WOULD BE BIGGER THAN THE
  UNITED STATES!

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THE MOLE!!!!

• If you had one mole (6.02 x 1023 ) of pennies,
  and you bought kite string at A MILLION DOLLARS
  per inch.(nice deal, Rockefeller)
• You could buy enough string to go around the
  Earth A MILLION TIMES.and then to the MOON AND
  BACK 25 TIMES!!!!!
• Youd still have lots of string left over..

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THE MOLE!!!!

• You could sell the leftover string for a penny an
  inch (another nice move, you are a financial
  wizard). With that money, you could..
• Buy every man, woman, and child in the United
  States a 5000 used car and give them enough
  gasoline so we all could run them NONSTOP at
  55mph for an entire year..and also.

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THE MOLE!!!!

• If there was actually a mole of pennies, and we
  divided it equally worldwide, you would have to
  spend 1 million dollars each day to use up your
  share

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THE MOLE!!!!

• BUT YOU WOULD HAVE TO LIVE TO BE 4000 YEARS OLD
  TO USE UP YOUR MONEY!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Do you think there is a mole of SAND particles on
  Earth?????? (based on coastline miles and desert
  size???)
• ALMOST. NOWwould you like to see a mole of
  water molecules????

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Avogadro and The Periodic Table

• Avogadro (not avocado) was the one who calculated
  the mole number 6.022 x 1023 .

The average atomic mass (6.941) has TWO roles in
chemistry. FIRST, it tells the mass of ONE ATOM
in amu (atomic mass units). It also tells the
mass of ONE MOLE of atoms in GRAMS! This is very
useful to uswe call it MOLAR MASS. There are no
amu scales, only gram scales.
Lithium
6.941
Li
3
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MOLAR MASS

• Finding the Molar Mass of an element is easy.
• 1. Find the element on the PT
• 2. Write down the mass
• 3. add the unit g/mol
• NOW you have TWO pieces of info---
• the mass in amu of one atom
• the mass of a MOLE of that atom in grams!

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Here are some examples
Sodium Phosphate Na3(PO4) Na 3 x 23 69 P 1 x
31 31 O 4 x 16 64 This adds up to 164 amu
for one molecule OR 164 g/mol
Calcium Phosphate Ca3(PO4)2
Ca 3 x 40 120 P 2 x 31 62 O 8 x 16
128 This adds up to 310 amu for one moleculeOR
310 g/mol
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Molar Mass

• So, why do we care? Well, its like this.
• If we have a scale, and can measure mass, we can
  count how many atoms there are that way.
• Its just like buying nails to build a house. You
  dont sit on the floor and count them, you buy
  them by weight.
• For instance, if you need 1200 nails, and each
  pound of nails has 50 nails, you would just weigh
  out 24 pounds and there you go. No need for
  counting. 1 lb. 50 nails is just like 310g of
  calcium phosphate 1 mole of calcium phosphate
  molecules.

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THE END!
Time to practice Conversions!