Genetically Modified France

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Genetically Modified France

• Marguerite

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Year Percentage of Farmers in U.S. Work Force
1790 90
1840 69
1880 49
1900 38
1930 21
1950 12.2
1970 4.6
1990 2.6
2010 1
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• Machinery
• Imports from other countries
• Transport within the U.S.A.
• Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
• Better plants?

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Characteristics of Genetically Engineered Crops

• Resistance to environmental stress
• Resistance to herbicides
• Resistance to insects
• Increased yields
• Higher nutritional values

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What is a Genetically Modified Organism?

• Definition
• The formation of new combinations of
  heritable material by the insertion of nucleic
  acid molecules, produced by whatever means
  outside the cell, into any virus, bacterial
  plasmid or other vector system so as to allow
  their incorporation into a host organism in which
  they do not naturally occur but in which they are
  capable of continued propagation.

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• (1) DNA
• ?
• ? ? ? Vector
• ? (virus, gene
  gun, enzyme)
• ?
• (2) DNA
• ? ? Plant
• ?
• Seeds

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Monsanto

• Spends about 2.6 million a day producing GMOs
• Product patents
• Out-crossing results from cross-pollination

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The European Union

• In 1950 European countries began to unite
  economically and politically
• Open border policy
• The euro
• Agricultural policy

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The European Unions Policy

• A genetically engineered crop must be approved by
  the E.U. before cultivation in member states
• Approval on a case by case basis
• 1997 First genetically engineered crop approved
  by the European Union

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Health and Environmental Concerns

• There is more than a casual association
  between GM foods and adverse health effects.
  There is causation

- American Academy
of
Environmental Medicine
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Health and Environmental Concerns

• Any risk lies in not using
• biotechnology.
• - Dr. Luciana Di Ciero
  Researcher

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The European Union

• 1999 2004 The European Union de facto
  moratorium on the approval of genetically
  modified organisms

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Global Response

• U.S., Canada, Argentina
• World Trade Organization
• Zimbabwe refuses food aid from the United States

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The Result

• European Union requires labeling and traceability
  of GMO foods
• Studies show how to prevent cross-pollination
• Safeguard Cause

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Works Cited

• "Benefits of Biotechnology. monsanto.com.
  Monsanto Company, 2010. Web. 7 Dec 2010.
• Dean, Amy, and Jennifer Armstrong. "Genetically
  Modified Foods." aaem.org. American Academy of
  Environmental Medicine, 8 May 2009. Web. 7 Dec
  2010.
• Di Ciero, Luciana. monsanto.com, 2009. Intervew.
  Web. 5 Dec 2010.
• "Don't be Bullied on GM Food." greens-efa.eu.
  European Free Alience, n.d. Web. 7 Dec 2010.
• Farmers and the Land. agclassroom.org. United
  States Department of Agriculture, n.d. Web. 3
  Dec. 2010.
• History of the European Union. europa.eu.
  European Union, n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2010
• OGM j'en veux pas." gmo-free-regions.org.
  GMO-free Europe. Web.
• 7 Dec 2010.
• Kanter, James. Europes New Approach to Biotech
  Food. nytimes.com. New York Times, 7 July 2010.
  Web. 5 Dec. 2010.
• Kirby, Alex. France's GM Veto Ruled Wrong.
  bbcnews.com. BBC News, 21 March 2000. Web. 5 Dec.
  2010.

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Works Cited

• Lynch, Diahanna, and David Vogel. The Regulation
  of GMOs in Europe and the United States A
  Case-Study of Contemporary European Regulatory
  Politics. cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations
  Press, 2001. Web. 4 Dec. 2010.
• Nos Enfants Nous Accuseront. Dir. Jean-Paul
  Jaud." JB Sequences 2008, Film.
  lthttp//www.nosenfants nousac cuseront-lefilm.com/
  gt.
• Nottingham, Stephen. Genescapes. 1st ed. London
  Zed Books, 2002. 3. Print.
• QA Trade battle over GM food. bbc.co.uk. BBC
  News, 2 Aug. 2006. Web. 5 Dec. 2010.
• The Territory of Louisiana. Map. ancestry.com.
  n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2010.
• van Gogh, Vincent. Wheatfield and Cypress Trees.
  1889. National Gallery, Great Britain.
  ARTstor.org. Web. 7 Dec. 2010.
• Wallstrom, Margot. The EU Ban on Agricultural
  Biotech Products is Illegal. usembassy.gov. U.S.
  Department of State, 13 July 2000. Web. 4 Dec.
  2010.
• "Why Does Monsanto Sue Farmers Who Save Seeds?"
  monsanto.com. Monsanto Company, 2010. Web. 7 Dec
  2010.
• "20 Questions on Genetically Modified Foods."
  who.int. World Health Organization, 2010. Web. 7
  Dec 2010.