Jeopardy

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Jeopardy
Natural Selection
History of Life
Origin of Life
Evidence of Evolution
Taxonomy
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100 Question History of Life
What was the Cambrian explosion?
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100 Answer History of Life
An explosion of multicellular life that led to
the emergence of many modern animal groups,
including chordates (animals with spinal chords).
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200 Question History of Life
What is a half-life? Is the term necessarily
accurate to how radioactive isotopes decay?
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200 Answer History of Life
Half-life is the amount of time, on average, it
takes for half the nucleus of a radioactive
isotope to decay. The term represents the average
amount of time. The times can vary due to chance.
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300 Question History of Life
Why are relative and absolute dating often used
together to determine the age of fossils?
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300 Answer History of Life
Both relative and absolute dating have some
drawbacks. Relative dating can only be used to
tell the age relative to other rock layers and
fossils. Absolute dating may over- or
underestimate the date due to chance.
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400 Question History of Life
What kinds of organisms survive mass extinction
events? Explain in terms of their role in the
food chain/web.Name and describe the causes of
one mass extinction.
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400 Answer History of Life
Organisms that survive mass extinction events
tend to be generalists that have more than one
habitat and niche. Decomposers/ scavengers tend
to survive more than photoautotrophs, whose light
may be blocked. Permian - asteriod, volcanoes, O2
levels. Creteceaus-Palogene - asteriod/dust.
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500 Question History of Life
You are a paleontologist studying the
transitional forms of whale ancestors/relatives.
You are looking for a transitional from between
Maiacetus and Dorudon. Describe the adaptations
that you might be looking for in this
transitional form.
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500 Answer History of Life
Maiacetus lived in the water, though
mated/birthed on land Dorudon was entirely
marine. The transitional form might be entirely
marine, with increasingly flipper-like forelimbs
and a nostril on the top, rather than the front,
of its head. It might also have a more
stream-lined body than Maiacetus and reduced back
legs. It would retain vestigial hindlimbs, and
have an elongated jaw, sharp teeth, and move by
flexing its spine up and down.
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100 Question Origin of Life
What is a prokaryote? Name an example.
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100 Answer Origin of Life
Unicellular organisms that lack membranes around
their DNA. Bacteria (any kind) archaea.
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200 Question Origin of Life
What gas was NOT present on early earth? What
event introduced this gas to the atmosphere? What
process introduced this gas into the atmosphere?
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200 Answer Origin of Life
O2 Oxygen the Great Oxidation event
photosynthesis by algae
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300 Question Origin of Life
How did Pasteurs experiment disprove spontaneous
generation?
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300 Answer Origin of Life
Pasteur proved that life could only come from
other life by showing that sterilized broth would
not go bad unless exposed to microbes.
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400 Question Origin of Life
How does germ theory relate to spontaneous
generation? Explain why it is necessary to
disprove spontaneous generation in order to
accept germ theory.
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400 Answer Origin of Life
Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can
originate where there was no life before. Germ
theory is the idea that germs cause disease.
Unless you reject the idea that life can
spontaneously arise from no where, it is
difficult to pinpoint the cause of a disease,
since you could be operating under the
misconception that the germs arose from nowhere.
Therefore, it is necessary to reject
spontaneous generation to accept germ theory.
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500 Question Origin of Life
Modern eukaryotic cells have several organelles
that resemble prokaryotes. Mitochondria break
down sugars and produce energy in the form of
ATP chloroplasts take in sunlight and generate
sugars. Both are the size of bacteria, have
circular DNA and plasmids, like bacteria have
small ribosomes like bacteria. Propose and
explain how these organelles might have evolved.
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500 Answer Origin of Life
Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from
prokaryotes that were ingested, but not digested
by ancient eukaryotes. Because these prokaryotes
provided a benefit for the cells in the form of
sugar or ATP the cells they were in survived
and reproduced. This mutualistic relationship
lasted until neither the eukaryote nor the
mitochondria/chloroplasts could live without each
other evolving into the organelles we find in
eukaryotes today.
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100 Question Natural Selection
What theory is Darwin credited with formulating?
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100 Answer Natural Selection
The theory of evolution by natural selection.
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200 Question Natural Selection
List the conditions necessary for evolution by
natural selection to occur. Are all
these conditions needed? Why or why not?
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200 Answer Natural Selection
Inheritable variation Overproduction of
offspring Struggle for existence. Differential
survival and reproduction. Yes, all the
conditions are necessary for Evolution by natural
selection to occur. Each is necessary together
they are sufficient.
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300 Question Natural Selection
An insecticide is a chemical that kills insects.
Most insects are killed the first time they are
exposed to an insecticide. However, some insects
carry a gene that enables them to survive their
first exposure to an insecticide. When these
surviving insects reproduce, this gene may be
inherited by their offspring. The number of
insecticide-resistant insects usually increases
over time because increasing numbers of offspring
with this gene are able to survive and
reproduce. Which process enables increasing
numbers of insects to survive their exposure to
an insecticide? A. Cloning. B. Mutation. C.
Natural selection. D. Genetic engineering.
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300 Answer Natural Selection
C. Natural Selection.
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400 Question Natural Selection
Why is survival of the fittest not an accurate
description of evolution?
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400 Answer Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest doesnt include
reproduction. Also, who is fittest is
context-specific - theres no end goal in
evolution. Whichever adaptation brings some
advantage at a specific time in a specific
environment is more likely to persist in the
population.
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500 Question Natural Selection
Scientists studied four snake populations living
in an island ecosystem. The table below
summarizes some of the data gathered about the
snake populations. All four snake species use
camouflage to hide from predators. Six months
after the snake study, a volcano erupted on the
island and covered the area with a layer of black
ash. The eruption caused many of the island
rodent populations to decline. Based on this
information, which snake population would be most
likely to survive the effects of the volcanic
eruption? WHY?
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500 Answer Natural Selection
Species C - Species C can camoflague in the new
environment. As a generalist (eating more than
one type of food), it is more likely to survive
than the snakes who eat only the islands
rodents.
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100 Question Taxonomy and Classification
What is the correct formatting for a scientific
name? What is the scientific name For modern
human beings? (In correct formatting!!!)
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100 Answer Taxonomy and Classification
Genus species. Homo sapiens.
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200 Question Taxonomy and Classification
What is the purpose of using scientific names?

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200 Answer Taxonomy and Classification
Many organisms are called by different names
in different parts of the world. Scientific names
give a universal way of referring to a single
species by a single name. In addition, one name
(for example blue bird) may be used for
unrelated organisms. Lastly, scientific names
can begin grouping species into genera and genera
into families, etc.
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300 Question Taxonomy
Based on the chart, which of these is the best
conclusion about the fish? A. Fish Species A and
Fish Species B are longer than the other two fish
species. B. Fish Species C and Fish Species D
are faster swimmers than the other two fish
species C. Fish Species A and Fish Species B have
more DNA sequences in common with each other than
with the other two fish species D. Fish Species C
and Fish Species D have more diet preferences in
common with each other than with the other two
fish species.
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300 Answer Taxonomy
C. Fish Species A and Fish Species B have more
DNA sequences in common with each other than
with the other two fish species.
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400 Question Taxonomy
You are a snake biologist asked to classify two
snakes that appear similar. The snakes live in
different areas one lives in leaf litter, the
other on rocky slopes. What criteria could you
use to classify the snakes into one or more
species? What additional information would you
need in order to classify them?
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400 Answer Taxonomy
Morphological definition Classify each based on
their appearance and morphology. Ecological
definition Classify each based on
niche. However, you would also want to
compare them based on internal structure and DNA,
since organisms that live in similar environments
often have similar adaptations (phylogenetic
definition of species). In addition, you would
want to classify them based on whether they
interbreed in the wild (biological
definition). Since these are a milk and a coral
snake, they are definitely different species!
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500 Question Taxonomy and Classification
Consider a population of moths. Some moths are
dark some are light some are medium. The dark
moths can camouflage on dark environments or at
night. The light moths can camouflage on light
environments or during the day. The medium moths
cannot camouflage on either. Describe how this
scenario could lead to the formation of new
species.
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500 Answer Taxonomy and Classification
This can lead to speciation by selecting for
extremes in a population. For example, in a
population that contains a range of moth colors,
light moths may survive better in light
environment or during the day. Dark moths may
survive better in dark environment or at night.
Medium-color moths may be favored in neither
environment or time period. This separation in
time and space may lead to the two colors not
encountering each other and mating thereby
leading to a reproductive barrier between the
two. Over time, the two moth colors may no longer
interbreed with each other, leading to
speciation.
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100 Question Evidence of Evolution
What are three characteristics that make humans
and whales mammals?
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100 Answer Evidence of Evolution

• -Regulation of internal body temperature
• -Hair
• -Bearing live young
• Breathing atmospheric oxygen
• Differentiated tooth types
• Feeding young with milk

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200 Question Evidence of Evolution
Explain in terms of evolution by natural
selection, why some whales have hipbones but
sharks do not.
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200 Answer Evidence of Evolution
Whales are descended from land mammals, as
transitional fossils show. They have
hipbones because they once walked/swam using
legs. These hips have become vestigial as the
whale evolved, because back legs became
disadvantages. Sharks are fish, so they are
descended from marine creatures.
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300 Question Evidence of Evolution
Explain the evolutionary relationship between
tail of a porpoise (a type of whale) and the tail
of a tiger shark (a type of fish).
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300 Answer Evidence of Evolution
They are analogous adaptations - whales
and sharks DO NOT have a recent common ancestor.
Both are similar, but not the same in structure
(one horizontal, one vertical) and function, but
do not have an R.C.A.
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400 Question Evidence of Evolution
The Galapagos islands are home to a variety of
finches, some of which eat seeds, some fruit,
some insects, etc. The finches on the mainland
of South America only eat seeds. Explain why
there are a variety of finches on the Galapagos
and how they came to be that way.
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400 Answer Evidence of Evolution
Evidence suggests that one ancestral species was
swept, perhaps in a storm, a long time ago. There
is a variety of food sources on the Galapagos.
Some finches had beaks that allowed them to eat
seeds, others had beaks that allowed them to eat
insects, etc. As birds and their descendents
began to specialize to specific niches, they
could no longer interbreed, and therefore this
lead to the formation of new species.
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500 Question Evidence of Evolution
Based on your knowledge of human evolution, will
humans lose their little toes in the future?
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500 Answer Evidence of Evolution
No. Little toes may be vestigial, but were
used previous species of humans for balance in
walking upright. Just because a structure
isnt actively used doesnt mean it will be lost
- a structure will liekly be an impediment to
survival and/or reproduction if its lost.