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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY AN INTERACTIVE LEARNING MODULE BY: KRISTIN STILES DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY ge og ra phy 1 : a science that deals with the description ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY


1
5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
  • AN INTERACTIVE LEARNING MODULE
  • BY KRISTIN STILES

2
DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY
  • geography1 a science that deals with the
    description, distribution, and interaction of the
    diverse physical, biological, and cultural
    features of the earth's surfaceSource-Merriam
    Webster Collegiate Dictionary

3
IN PLAIN ENGLISH
  • Geography is the study of the earth and
    everything on it.

4
5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYVisit each of the following
sites. Follow all buttons on each page. Save
the BACK ARROW button until you are done with
each page. The BACK ARROW button will bring you
back to this page. When you have visited all 5
Themes, click on the RIGHT arrow button below.
MOVEMENT
Human-Environment Interaction
PLACE
LOCATION
REGION
5
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
  • By clicking on this site, you will visit the
    National Geographic Society 5 Themes of Geography
    web page. After reviewing the web page, click
    the back arrow on your browser to come back here.
  • NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY http//www.nationalgeo
    graphic.com/resources/ngo/education/themes.html

6
WHERE DID THE 5 THEMES COME FROM?
  • The 5 Themes of Geography originated by the
    National Geographic Society to fulfill a need for
    geographers (people who study the earth and
    everything on it) categorize everything they
    learn. These 5 places are easy to remember.
    Just say the word PRILM.

7
WHAT IS PRILM?
  • PRILM is a mnemonic device that can be used to
    help remember what the 5 Themes of Geography are.
    Simply put, take the first letter of each Theme
    to create the word PRILM. They are
  • Place
  • Region
  • Interaction (Human-Environment)
  • Location
  • Movement

8
PLACE
  • It is a description of what makes that place
    different to others. If I was trying to tell you
    about the bedrooms in a house, and I wanted to
    explain to you exactly which one I meant, I could
    say, "the one with two beds and one window". If
    the other rooms had only one bed each, or two
    windows, then you could easily tell which room I
    meant.
  • This is divided into 2 parts
  • Physical Differences and Human Differences
  • Physical differences, or characteristics, include
    things that occur naturally, such as mountains,
    rivers, type of soil, wildlife, climate etc.
  • I might say that a place is flat with rich soil
    and many rivers. I'm still being vague, but
    already you can see a picture of it in your head,
    and maybe even begin to imagine what the land is
    used for.
  • Human differences, or characteristics, are things
    that have changed due to people, such as roads
    and buildings, how people live and their
    traditions.
  • This is where you can really go to town in your
    description. You can discuss the cities,
    lifestyle, culture and all sorts of other
    interesting facts that make the place you are
    talking about different and special.

9
PLACEThings to think about
  • Place -- What makes a place different from other
    places? Differences might be defined in terms of
    climate, physical features, or the people who
    live there and their traditions.

10
PLACEmore
  • What physical characteristics exist in this city
    such as plant and animal life?What cultural
    (human) characteristics are typical of this
    city?Which ethnic, religious, or political
    groups live here?

11
REGION
  • Regions are areas that can be grouped together by
    a set of things special to that region. We have
    countries, ruled by governments, areas speaking
    the same language, or having the same religion,
    and we have areas served by a particular service,
    such as a school district.The three types of
    area are Defined by a government or physical
    characteristicsDefined by a functionLoosely
    defined
  • Regions defined by a government or physical
    characteristics are regions that are strictly
    maintained, such as countries or continents.
  • Regions defined by a function are areas served by
    a particular service.Take the example of the
    school district for Geek's Rule School. If Geek's
    Rule School closes down, then the school district
    will no longer exist. Of course, it won't just
    disappear in a cloud of smoke, but it will have
    to be named or described some other way.
  • Loosely defined regions are regions that are
    grouped together in general terms.These are
    things such as the North, or the Midlands or the
    Buddhist World, or even the Far East and Middle
    East. They are the sort of definitions that
    people will argue about, and say that a certain
    place should or shouldn't be included in the
    definition of that region.

12
REGION-Things to think about.
  • Regions -- How can Earth be divided into regions
    for study? Regions can be defined by a number of
    characteristics including area, language,
    political divisions, religions, and vegetation
    (for example, grassland, marshland, desert, rain
    forest).

13
REGIONmore
  • THE STUDY OF REGIONSWhat other regions are
    there in the United States besides this one?How
    are they different?How do these regions change
    over time?(Descriptions of regions can include
    information about the physical or cultural
    characteristics. Physical refers to mountains,
    deserts, climates, etc. Cultural refers to
    history, religion, and language.)

14
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS
  • This is about the relationship between people and
    their environment, or how they work together. It
    answers a lot of important questions What
    effects have the people had on their environment?
    How has the environment affected them, do they
    depend on it for anything? What changes have they
    made to their environment to make it easier to
    live in?
  • It can be divided into 3 parts How people have
    been changed by the environment.How the
    environment has been changed by people.How
    people depend on the environment.
  • How people have been changed by the environment
    can be called adaptation. It is the way humans
    change to suit their environment.An example of
    this is people who live in very cold climates
    wearing well-insulated clothes to keep warm. It
    can also include the way people transport things,
    in a desert the best way to transport some things
    is by camel.
  • How the environment has been changed or
    modification is the way people change their
    environment to suit themselves.Artificially
    watering your lawn, if you live in a dry area is
    one example, or on a grander scale, creating
    fertile land in desert areas to grow food crops.
    Another good example is clearing forests to make
    room for growing crops.
  • Depending on the environment is when people
    depend on their environment for
    something.Examples of this are using trees for
    firewood, or coal to warm us in winter, rivers to
    transport goods and natural resources like oil
    and coal, to sell or exchange for other needed
    items that are not available.
  • Sometimes it is difficult to tell exactly where
    something belongs . For example, if people clear
    forests to get wood for fires and to grow crops,
    that may be considered changing the environment
    to suit themselves and depending on the
    environment for something. When you think about
    the environment and people, just remember the
    three important questionsHow have the people
    changed? How have they changed the environment?
    Do they depend on the environment for anything?
  • If you have the same answer for two questions,
    then it must be important, but you don't need to
    say it twice.

15
Human-Environmental InteractionThings to think
about
  • Human-environment interaction -- What are the
    relationships among people and places? How have
    people changed the environment to better suit
    their needs?

16
HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONmore
  • HOW PEOPLE RELATE TO THEIR ENVIRONMENTWhat
    commodities do people depend on from, and in this
    area?How do people in Philadelphia adapt to
    their environment in terms of what they wear and
    how they build their homes?How do people in
    this city modify their environment to accommodate
    them? (e.g. building dams, changing landscapes)

17
LOCATION
  • This is divided into 2 parts Specific location
    and General Location
  • Specific location is shown by an address. The
    address can be any type of address that gives an
    exact position. It is sometimes called absolute
    locationHere are some examplesA Street
    Address1, Silly Street, Anywhere Town, Nowhere
    PlaceA Map Address15o20' North, 20o15' West
  • Both of these examples well tell you exactly
    where a place is.
  • General location is shown by saying where
    something is in relation to somewhere or
    something else. It is also known as relative
    location.Here are some examples
  • ten minutes away by train
  • in front of the bank
  • With these two examples you can only find what
    you want if you know from where you are starting.
    It's useful, though, for describing things. If I
    just told you that New York was located at 40o
    North, 73o West, you probably couldn't picture
    that in your head. If I told you that it was in
    the North-Eastern United States, you could
    probably imagine it much better.

18
LOCATIONThings to think about.
  • Location -- Where are things located? A location
    can be specific (for example, it can be stated as
    coordinates of longitude and latitude or as a
    distance from another place) or general (it's in
    the Northeast).

19
LOCATIONmore
  • LOCATIONWhat is Eastmans exact latitude and
    longitude?What is the citys location in
    relation to other major cities?What geographic
    factors caused Philadelphia to be located where
    it is? (e.g. land, water)

20
MOVEMENT
  • Movement includes the movement of people, things,
    such as goods, as well as communications (the
    movement of ideas).
  • We can describe the type of communications a
    place has and the main forms of transportation,
    as well as what goods are exported and imported.
    These all come under the heading of movement.

21
MOVEMENTThings to think about.
  • Movement -- What are the patterns of movement of
    people, products, and information? A study of
    movement includes learning about major modes of
    transportation used by people, an area's major
    exports and imports, and ways in which people
    communicate (move ideas).

22
MOVEMENTmore
  • THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, GOODS, AND IDEASHow
    are people transported in this city?How are
    goods transported in this city? What are they?
    Who depends on them?How are ideas transported
    in this city? (e.g. communication)

23
Quiz AboutThe Five Themes of Geography
  • Click the bell to the left of the correct answer.
  • Applause will sound if the answer is correct.
  • A gong will sound if the answer is incorrect.
  • A key to the quiz follows the last slide.
  • You may continue answering each question until
    the correct answer is found.
  • Click on the orange arrow key to progress through
    the quiz.

24
Question 1Which of the following is NOT a
geography theme?
  • B. human-environmental interaction
  • D. people
  • A. movement
  • C. region

25
Question 2 Which of the following is an example
of Human-Environmental Interaction?
  • A. getting the mail
  • C. playing Gameboy
  • B. watching TV
  • D. Rainforest Clearing

26
Question 3Which of the following helped create
the 5 Themes of Geography?
  • A. Geographica Institute
  • C. National Council for Social Studies
  • B. National Geographic Society
  • D. Social Studies Teachers of America

27
Question 4 Which of the following is an example
of PLACE?
  • A. Deep South
  • C. Dodge County Middle School
  • B. McDonalds
  • D. Skating rink

28
Question 5 Which of the following is NOT an
example of Location?
  • B. Dodge County Middle School
  • 1103 Herman Ave
  • Eastman, GA 31023
  • D. the hills
  • A. Springfield, Missouri
  • C. Georgia

29
Question 6Which of the following is an example
of region?
  • A. Georgia
  • C. United States
  • B. South America
  • D. The Midwest

30
Question 7 What is the name of a person who
studies the earth and everything on it?
  • A. Photographer
  • C. Geographer
  • B. Cartographer
  • D. Mapographer

31
Key
  • 1) D
  • 2) D
  • 3) B
  • 4) A
  • 5) B
  • 6) D
  • 7) C

32
SUMMARY
  • Making Sense of it All
  • Now that you have found out a little about the
    five themes, how can you use them?
  • Imagine for a minute that you are a newspaper
    reporter. An important discovery of a lost land
    has been made, and you have the chance to be the
    first person to interview the returning
    explorers. Make a list of the questions that you
    might ask. Remember, the five themes and ask the
    most important questions from each.
  • Here are some questions to get you started
  • Where is it?
  • Where exactly is that?
  • What does it look like?
  • How many people live there and where?
  • What settlements (cities, villages) does it have?
  • What sort of climate does it have?
  • Does it have any extremes of weather?
  • Is it prone to any type of natural disaster?
  • What are the natural resources and how are they
    used?
  • What type of agriculture is there?
  • What are the main types of transportation and
    communication?
  • What makes the people there different to people
    in other places?
  • What sort of government does it have?
  • Is it associated with any other place?

33
INTERNET REFERENCESClick on the links below to
view additional information.
  • http//www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/ngo/ed
    ucation/themes.html
  • http//sd71.bc.ca/Sd71/Edulinks/ICT6_9/lessons/geo
    1/5themes2.htm

34
REFERENCES
  • http//www.funsocialstudies.learninghaven.com/arti
    cles/fivethemes.htm
  • http//www.education-world.com/a_lesson/lesson071.
    shtml
  • http//www.classbrain.com/artaskcb/publish/article
    _34.shtml
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