O.P.O.T.A. BASIC ACADEMY

1
Officer Richard Neil (retired)
1-6 Community Policing
2
(No Transcript)
3
Crime Prevention
4
The Development of American Law Enforcement
The United States has more police departments
than any other nation in the world. Virtually
every community has its own police force,
creating a great
disparity in the quality
of American police
personnel and service.
5
American Police History

• 1626, the New York City Sheriff's Office was
  founded
• 1631, the Town of Boston started its first "Night
  Watch
• 1838, first local modern police department
  established in the United States was the Boston
  Police Department
• Police were not respected by the community, as
  corruption was rampant

6
Who were the first Police Officers?
7
Bass Reeves
8

• Born enslaved in 1838 in Crawford County,
  Arkansas
• Fled north into Indian Territory and lived with
  Seminole and Creek Indians.
• Reeves and his family farmed until 1875
• Recruited by Judge Isaac Parker U.S. Marshal
  James Fagan in 1875
• Reeves arrested over 3,000 fugitives
  killed at least 14
• At statehood became a member of the Muskogee,
  Oklahoma, police department at the age of 68

9
State Police Agencies
Growing populations, as well as the inability of
some local sheriffs and constables to control
crime, led states to create their own law
enforcement agencies.

• Texas officially created the Rangers in 1835.
• Pennsylvania established the first modern state
  law enforcement agency in 1905.
• By the 1930s, every state had some form of state
  law enforcement agency.

10
(No Transcript)
11
The evolution of policing

• 1920s, led by Berkeley, California police chief,
  August Vollmer, police began to professionalize,
  adopt new technologies, and place emphasis on
  training
• First female police officer was Alice Stebbins
  Wells, who was hired by the Los Angeles Police
  Department in 1910
• LAPD also hired the first African-American police
  officer, Georgia Ann Robinson, in 1916

12
Professionalism and Reform

• Until the late 19th century, there were no
  qualifications required for law enforcement
  officers.

• Cincinnati was the first city to require (2)
  qualifications of police officers
• High moral character
• Foot speed

13
The Structure of American Law Enforcement
American law enforcement agencies are extremely
diverse in

• Jurisdictions
• Responsibilities
• Employers (hospitals, colleges, transit
  authorities may have their own police)

14
(No Transcript)
15
COMMUNITY POLICING DEFINED

• A PRACTICAL, EFFECTIVE WAY OF POLICING THAT HELPS
  LAW ENFORCEMENT AND COMMUNITY PARTNERS WORK
  TOGETHER TO IDENTIFY CRIME AND ITS RELATED
  PROBLEMS, THEN DEVELOP WAYS TO RESOLVE AND
  PREVENT CRIME AND
  DISORDER FROM
  OCCURRING IN
  THE FUTURE

16
(No Transcript)
17
TEN PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY POLICING

• PHILOSOPHY
• CHANGE
• COMMITMENT
• FUTURISTIC
• PERSONALIZED
• ENFORCEMENT
• PROACTIVE
• SPECIAL NEEDS
• TRUST
• GRASS ROOTS

18
(No Transcript)
19
THREE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY POLICING

• PARTNERSHIPS
• EMPOWERMENT
• PROBLEM SOLVING

20
MISSION STATEMENTS

• DESCRIBE THE PURPOSE OF AN AGENCY
• YOU SHOULD KNOW THE MISSION STATEMENT FOR ANY
  AGENCY YOU INTERVIEW WITH

21
The role of the law enforcement agency in
Community Policing - Management

• THE PROCESS OF PLANNING, ORGANIZING, LEADING AND
  CONTROLLING THE WORK OF ORGANIZATION MEMBERS TO
  REACH STATED ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS

22
Leadership

• The process of directing and influencing the
  task-related activities of organization members
• Leadership is doing the right things and involves
  inspiring a shared set of values and vision for
  the future
• Community Policing cannot be mandated from on
  high leaders in the agency must lead by example

23
Building Consensus

• Communication is a two way process
• Seek ownership from all stakeholders in the
  Community Policing process, includingWHO???

24
(No Transcript)
25
EMPOWERMENT

• Agencies must empower or give official power and
  authority to law enforcement personnel as they
  implement community policing in the community
• Empowerment recognizes that the people who
  actually do the job are in a position to know how
  to do the job in the best way

26
EMPOWERMENT RESULTS IN

• MORE PHILOSOPHICAL BUY-IN
• A GREATER SENSE OF OWNERSHIP IN THE PROCESS
• INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY
• EFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICES FOR THE COMMUNITY

27
DUTIES OF THE OFFICER IN COMMUNITY POLICING

• ENFORCE LAWS FOLLOW THEM
• PROBLEM SOLVING
• INCREASE POSITIVE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT WITH LAW
  ENFORCEMENT
• RECRUIT AND SUPERVISE COMMUNITY VOLUNTEERS
• COMMUNICATION BETWEEN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY AND
  COMMUNITY

28
Continued

• REFERRALS TO OTHER AGENCIES
• NETWORK WITH OTHER AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE
  PRIVATE SECTOR

29
Full service policing Adding a new dimension to
law enforcement

• Daily interaction with customers (citizens)
• Crime prevention and the enforcement of laws
• The officer must ascertain when each is
  appropriate, a broker of law enforcement and
  related services and a facilitator between the
  community and service providers

30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
Shaping the new policing role

• Creative problem solving skills
• Ability to distinguish between symptoms of crime
  and actual crime problems
• Interpersonal communication skills including
  public speaking
• Outside activities and interests including
  volunteer opportunities

35
CREATIVE THINKING IS DEFINED AS 1ST STEP IN
PROBLEM SOLVING

• CREATIVITY IS AN ATTITUDE
• CREATIVITY DOES NOT ACCEPT THE OBVIOUS
• CREATIVITY ASKS WHY AND QUESTIONS THE STATUS QUO
• CREATIVITY HAS MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES AND LEARNS
  BY LISTENING TO THOSE WHO ARE OR MAY BE DIFFERENT

36
ATTRIBUTES OF CREATIVE THINKERS

• INTELLIGENT
• FLEXIBLE
• INTELLECTUALLY PLAYFUL
• POSITIVE NONCONFORMITY
• APPROPRIATELY PERSISTENT
• SELF-CONFIDENT
• AWARE OF SELF AND OTHERS

37
(No Transcript)
38
THE FOUR STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING ARE

• SCANNING
• ANALYSIS
• RESPONSE
• ASSESSMENT

39
Problem Solving

• Incidents are usually a symptom of a larger
  problem
• Traditionally, police have been conditioned to
  treat symptoms or handle an incident as an
  isolated event rather than identify and address
  problems

40
(No Transcript)
41
COMMUNITY POLICING INITIATIVES THAT INVOLVE LAW
ENFORCEMENT AND THE COMMUNITY-CRIME PREVENTION

• NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH
• CITIZEN POLICE ACADEMIES

42
WHAT PREVENTS CREATIVE THINKING

• FALSE PRIDE
• FAILURE TO FULLY DEFINE A PROBLEM
• CONTENTMENT WITH THE PROBLEM/STATUS QUO
• SINGLE SOLUTION THINKING

43
A PROBLEM IS DEFINED AS

• TWO OR MORE INCIDENTS SIMILAR TO EACH OTHER THAT
  CAUSE HARM TO THE PUBLIC AND THAT THE PUBLIC
  EXPECTS LAW ENFORCEMENT TO HANDLE

44
(No Transcript)
45
Scanning

• Discovering and identifying the problem
• Most important of the four steps
• Avoid confusing symptoms with the real problem
• Learn about and verify the problem
• Identify the problem in terms of the people
  involved, their behavior and response to the
  problem

46
Analysis

• Understand the actors, actions and reactions to
  the problem
• Determine each aspect of the problem
• Gather information including
• The seriousness of the problem
• The individuals and groups affected by the
  problem
• The possible causes of the problem
• Solution objectives

47
Response

• The action or solution decided on to address the
  identified problem
• Solutions may eliminate the problem
• Reduce the frequency of incidents
• Reduce harm to the community
• Improve the communitys perception of the problem

48
Response

• Response objectives recognize that the strategy
  to address the problem must go beyond the
  incident to address
• Underlying issues
• Provide a long-term solution
• Improve the community in some way
• Ultimately reduce police workload by reducing or
  eliminating the problem

49
Assessment

• Determines whether the selected response was
  carried out as planned and effectively addressed
  the identified problem
• Assessment is essential to determine the
  effectiveness of the response
• If the response strategy was ineffective, go
  through the S.A.R.A. process again
• After a third attempt, involve outside
  individuals to study the problem

50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
Officer Richard Neil (retired)
www.OfficerNeil.com
54
Word Association

• SCOUT LEADER

55
Normal Threat Level
The Problem Trust does NOT save lives. Distrust
saves police officers every day.
56
Normal Threat Level
Hypervigilance
Alert, alive, energetic, humor
57
Normal Threat Level
Hypervigilance
Tired, detached, isolated, apathy
Easy to think the problem is your home life.
58
(No Transcript)
59
Everyone gets Screwed!

• Who controls what kind of cop you will be?
• You only control your integrity and
  professionalism.
• Department controls assignments, schedules, and
  duties.
• You control your personal life. Keep it that way!

60
Victim Attitude

• Leads to integrity issues
• Leads to entitlement problems
• Lose sense of self
• Cops will justify and rationalize behavior that
  they normally wouldnt participate in.

61
Things to Do

• Aerobic Exercise
• Time Management
• Keep a Personal Life
• Remember that your career WILL end someday

62
(No Transcript)