HUNGARIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN AFRICA

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HUNGARIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN AFRICA

• MINURSO

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Geography, Climate
• Economy, Infrastructure
• Society, people
• History
• MINURSO
• Structure, Organisation
• Current situation possible future

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GEOGRAPHY - CLIMATE

• Area- 266 000 km
• Desert, dry climate
• Scant vegetation, plain, low mountains
• Borders
• 400 km Morocco
• 42 km Algeria
• 1560 km Mauritania
• 110 km shore of Atlantic Ocean

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GEOGRAPHY

TARFAYA
MAROKKÓ
ALGERIA
TINDOUF
FORCE HQ
LAAYOUNE
Seguia El Hamra
ATLANTIC OCEAN
SMARA
BOUJDOUR
BIR MOGHREIN
MAURITANIA
DAKHLA
Rio del Oro
ZOUERAT
NOUADHIBOU
MAURITANIA
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ECONOMY

• One of the poorest region in Africa
• Economical Centers
• LAAYOUNE, DAKHLA, SMARA
• PRODUCTION
• Limited agriculture
• No industry
• Phosphate mining
• Fishery

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INFRASTRUCTURE

• 4 Center
• 3 Airport
• 2 Port
• 6000 km highway
• only 1400 km paved!
• ( No railway)

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SOCIETY
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POPULATION
TINDOUF
LAAYOUNE
SMARA
BOUJDOUR
ATLANTIC
DAKHLA
(Tindouf )
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HISTORY I.

• Spanish Colony (1884-1976)
• 1965 DEC 14 First UN resolution (Colony
  Declaration)
• 1973 MAY 10 Formation of Frente Polisario
• 1974 AUG 21 Spanish referendum plan - Census
• 1974 DEC 16 Decision of the International Court
  of Justice (Hague)
• 1975 NOV 6-9 Green March

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HISTORY II.
Total 74 343
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HISTORY III.

• 1975 NOV 14 Madrid Accord
• 1976 FEBR 27 Declaration the establishment of
  the SADR
• 1976 ÁPR Morocco and Mauritania invade the
  territory
• 1979 AUG 05 Peace agreement in Algiers
  (Polisario and Mauritania)
• 1980 Strategy of walls (BERM)
• 1991 ÁPR 29 Establish of MINURSO (SC resolution
  690)
• 1991 SZEPT 05 Ceasefire

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HISTORY IV.

• 1997 SZEPT HOUSTON Agreement
• 2000 ÁPR I. BAKER PLAN (FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT)
• 2002 SETTLEMENT PLAN ( II. BAKER PLAN)
• 2005 Reduction of MINURSO
• 2006 No war, No peace situation

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BERM
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CURRENT SITUATION
Berm
AREA WITH LIMITED RESTRICTIONS
AREA WITH LIMITED RESTRICTIONS
MINEFIELD 5 km
RESTRICTED ZONE 30 km
RESTRICTED ZONE 25 km
Berm
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IMPORTANCE WS

• NATO and EU interest in Afrika (Mediteran
  Dialogue, PfP, economic possibility)
• Terrorizm, radical islam, migration, smuggling
• Former colonial powers connections and interest
  (France and Spain)
• Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria interest in the
  conflict - ARAB MAGHREB UNION (AMU)
• Hungarian interest in the area

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MINURSO STRUCTURE
SRSG OFFICE
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MILITARY OBSERVERS

• Monitor the ceasefire
• Monitor the confinement of Moroccan and Polisario
  troops to designated locations (land and air
  patrols)
• activities to reduce the risk of landmines and
  UXOs in Western Sahara (search, marking safe
  tracks, destroy, Mine awareness training)
• Oversee the exchange of prisoners of war
• Take steps with the parties to ensure the release
  of all Western Saharan political prisoners or
  detainees!
• Implement the repatriation programme

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ACTIVITY OF MILITARY OBSERVERS
ALGERIA
Area of responsibility 266,000 Sq Km NS 97
700 Sq Km SS 159 5000 Sq Km
NS
SS
MAURITANIA
HEADQUARTER
SECTOR HQ LO Tindouf
CAMPS
MAURITANIA
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CAMP MEHAIRES - NORTH SECTOR
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CURRENT SITUATIONPOSSIBLE FUTURE

• STATUS QUO extend MINURSO mandate time to time
• Referendum based on BAKER II. PLAN,
  Western-Sahara become part of Morocco, reduced
  Autonomy
• INDEPENDENCE? Divide WS (new idea)?
• High tension (POLISARIO) - open a war - defeat

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QUESTIONS?