What are Life Emergent Properties?

1
What are Life Emergent Properties?

• 1. Order Organization
• 2. Energy Utilization
• 3. Response to the Environment/Stimuli
• 4. Evolution Adaptation Change Over Time
• 5. Regulation/Homeostasis
• 6. Reproduction
• 7. Growth Development
• What is the smallest units that can carry out all
  the activities of life?

2
Cell Theory

• Contributions?
• Robert Hooke
• Anton von Leeuwenhoek
• Matthew Schleiden
• Theodor Schwann
• Rudolf Virchow

3
Cell Theory

• 1. Cells are the basic units of life.
• 2. All organisms are made of cells.
• 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

4
Biological Levels of Organization, Size Range of
Cells, Other

• Fig. 6.2 Log Scale- Why?
• Fig. 6.3 Other LM Phase-Contrast,
  Differential-interference-contrast, Fluorescence,
  Confocal
• Fig. 6.5 Cell Fractionation- Centrifugation
• Do cc6.12 p.97

5
Size Limitations

Coxiella bacterium 0.2um Blue Whale,
100ft(30meter) Balaenoptera musculus 120
tons
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Size Limitations

• Need for Homeostasis/Regulation
• Need for Energy
• Excretion of Waste
• Plasma Membrane which control entry nutrient and
  expel of waste
• Surface Area to Volume
• S-to-V Ratio as cell gets larger ratio and
  efficiency of cell gets smaller
• Volume increases faster than Surface
• Area of the Plasma Membrane.

7
Cell Size Limitations
Do cc6.22 p.102
1 cm
2 cm

• SA 6x2 6cm2
• Vx3 1 cm3
• 61

• SA 6x2 24 cm2
• Vx3 8 cm3
• 31

Lower ratio limits the ability to absorb
expel Larger ratio cell is more efficient at
transport
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Cellular Organization

• 1. Division of Laborspecialization
• 2. Longer Life Spanscells die and can be replaced

9
Small, elongate or convoluted cells are adapted
to be more efficient, WHY?

• How does specialization and organization help the
  cell in a multi-cellular organism?

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

• Karyote- cell nucleus

• Pro- prior to
• Nucleoid region
• Cell Walls
• Ribosomes
• Make a Venn Diagram!

• Eu- true
• Nucleus
• ER
• Golgi
• Lysosomes
• Vesicles
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• Cytoskeleton
• Plastids
• Vacuoles

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Cells

• Organelles Structure Function

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What are the three main components of the cell?

• 1.Plasma Membrane
• Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
• 2.DNA containing Region 10
• Nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina,
  nucleolus (rRNA pr- ribosomes), chromosomes,
  chromatin
• 3.Cytoplasm (Cytosol 50 Organelles)
• EmS (ER, Golgi, Vesicles, Vacuoles, Lysosomes,
  Fig.6.16), EnergyMetabolism (Chloroplast,
  Mitochondria, Peroxisomes)

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Organelles

• Mitochondria (fig.6.17)
• Cristae/matrix
• Chloroplasts (fig.6.18)
• Grana/thylakoid/stroma
• Peroxisomes
• Detox, H2O2, break fats
• Glyoxysomes(break seed fats)

• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (fig.6.12)
• Chloroplasts
• Mitochondria
• Cytosol
• Nucleolus

Energy Use/Production
Synthesis
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Organelles

• Nucleus (fig.6.10)
• Nucleolus
• Chromosome/ Chromatin
• Nuclear Envelope
• Plasma Membrane
• Tonoplast-Central Vacuole

• Cc6.33If the function of a particular protein
  in a eukaryotic cell is to make up part of the
  chromatin, describe the process of its synthesis.
  Include the cellular locations of all relevant
  molecules.

Control
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Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus (fig.6.13)
• Cell/Plasma Membrane
• Intercellular Junctions
• Tight, intermediate, gap, desmosomes,
  plasmodesmata
• Vesicle

• Vacuoles
• Vesicles
• Membrane Proteins
• Plastids
• (amyloplast, chromoplasts)
• Golgi Body
• Nucleus

Storage
Transport
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Organelles

• Cytoskeleton (T6.1)
• Microfilaments-actin
• Intermediate Filaments-keratin
• Microtubules-tubulin
• MTOC (centrosome)
• Cilia/Flagella
• (basal body, 92)
• Cell Wall (plants,fungi,protist,bacteria)
• Cell Membrane
• ECM animals (collagen, proteoglycans,
  fibronectinintegrins)

• Cc6.63 Males afflicted with Kartageners
  Syndrome are sterile because of immotile sperm,
  tend to suffer lung infections, and frequently
  have internal organ displacement (situs
  inversus). This disorder has a genetic basis.
  Suggest what the underlying defect might be at
  the cellular level.

Structure
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Cellular Processes- Descriptive writing

• Cc6.43
• Imagine a protein that functions in the ER but
  requires modifications in the Golgi apparatus
  before it can achieve the function. Describe the
  proteins path through the cell, starting with
  the mRNA molecule that specifies the protein.

• Media Sources/ Online Activities
• Role of Nucleus Ribosomes in Protein Synthesis
• The EmS
• Build a Chloroplast Mitochondrion
• P.123 table ?

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Essential Questions

• What are the key features of the cell theory?
• What are the three main components of the cell?
• What is the function of each component and the
  organelles that make it up?
• How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar?
  Different?
• How are structure important in the cell for
  coordination of function?
• What are the components of the endomembrane
  system?