Title: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)
1WHO/UNICEFJoint Monitoring Programmefor Water
Supply and Sanitation (JMP)
Monitoring the MDG sanitation target Definitions,
Indicators and their measurability Henk van
Norden UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia
SACOSAN4 - 6 April 2011
2MDG target and indicators
-
- MDG 7 Target 7C
- Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and
basic sanitation - Indicator for sanitation
- Proportion of population using an improved
sanitation facility
3Improved means.
- An improved sanitation facility
- a facility that hygienically separates human
waste from human contact
4JMP categories of improved/unimproved sanitation
facilities
- Improved type of sanitation
facilities - Flush/pour flush to Ventilated
Improved Pit (VIP) latrine - piped sewer system Pit latrine with
slab - septic tank Composting toilet
- pit latrine
Unimproved type of sanitation
facilities Flush/Pour flush to elsewhere
Hanging toilet/hanging latrine Pit latrine
without slab/open pit No facilities, bush or
field bucket
Unimproved Public and shared sanitation
facilities of both an improved and
unimproved type
5Criticism of current sanitation indicator
- Disposal in pit or sewer is not always hygienic
- May contaminate groundwater
- Sewage often discharged to river or sea
- Does not measure actual cleanliness of toilet
- Improved-type public and shared sanitation
facilities are not counted as improved - Improved facilities may not be used by all
household members at all times - Does not cover total sanitation
6MDG Task Force definition of basic sanitation
- The lowest-cost option for securing sustainable
access to safe, hygienic and convenient
facilities for excreta and sullage disposal that
provide privacy and dignity while ensuring a
clean and healthful living environment both at
home and in the neighborhood of users
7MDG Task Force definition of basic sanitation
1
- The lowest-cost option for securing sustainable
access to safe, hygienic and convenient
facilities for excreta and sullage disposal that
provide privacy and dignity while ensuring a
clean and healthful living environment both at
home and in the neighborhood of users
3
2
5
4
9
8
6
7
11
10
13
12
15
14
16
8Indicator matrix for MDG Task Force definition of
basic sanitation
Flush Toilet?
The lowest-cost option for securing sustainable
access to safe, hygienic and convenient
facilities for excreta and sullage disposal that
provide privacy and dignity while ensuring a
clean and healthful living environment both at
home and in the neighborhood of users
9Indicator matrix for MDG Task Force definition of
basic sanitation
VIP latrine?
The lowest-cost option for securing sustainable
access to safe, hygienic and convenient
facilities for excreta and sullage disposal that
provide privacy and dignity while ensuring a
clean and healthful living environment both at
home and in the neighborhood of users
10Concluding
- An indicator is only good (useful) if
- it comes with clearly defined categories
- data can be collected in a cost-effective,
practical manner - Comprehensive definitions often cannot be
measured in a cost effective and practical way,
across countries and over time - At global, regional and national levels, only
very few indicators are needed to inform
decision-makers (at the outcome level) - Programmes/projects get more information through
surveys and rapid assessments (at the input and
output levels)
11Thank you!JMP web-site www.wssinfo.org
- JMP country files
- Graphs on sanitation coverage trends
- All household survey and census data
- Regional and global coverage estimates
- JMP policies and procedures document
12(No Transcript)
13Criteria for indicators
- Purpose of having an indicator
- To collect information that has relevance to what
is sought, when what is sought cannot be measured
directly - A good indicator can be unambiguously measured to
provide an approximation of reality - Some considerations for determining indicators
- Easily measurable
- Robust data collection mechanism
- Collected against a reasonable cost
- Comprehensive yet concise
- Policy relevant
- Acceptable
- Developed preferable with participation/consultati
on - Allow for comparability over time
14Why is the MDG sanitation indicator a good global
indicator?
- Easily measurable through non-sanitation sector
specific household surveys and censuses - Cost effective
- Robust
- Periodic
- Approximation () for a hygienic toilet facility
- Comparable over time and between countries
- Comprehensive yet concise
- Policy relevant at global/regional and national
level
15Indicator matrix for MDG Task Force definition of
basic sanitation
Composting toilet?
The lowest-cost option for securing sustainable
access to safe, hygienic and convenient
facilities for excreta and sullage disposal that
provide privacy and dignity while ensuring a
clean and healthful living environment both at
home and in the neighborhood of users