GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA

1
GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA

• Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine
• Bacteriology
• March 2004
• Amy Fayette

2
What is the major source of infection with
Listeria monocytogenes?

• Silage
• pH over 5.5

3
What is the morphology of rhodococcus equi?

• Gram
• Some rods, some cocci

4
What is a synonym of C. pseudotuberculosis?

• C. ovis

5
What is the most common sign of C.
pseudotuberculosis in horses?

• Ulcerative lymphangitis
• Abscesses and swellings in lnn. That burst and
  leave ulcers

6
What are the host factors behind rhodococcus equi?

• Age- 6 weeks
• Breed lines

7
What is the bacteria that causes listeriosis?

• Listeria monocytogenes

8
What is the most common sign of C.
pseudotuberculosis in sheep?

• Pus filled lymph nodes

9
What are the forms of disease caused by Listeria
monocytogenes?

• Neural disease- meningoencephalitis
• Septicemia
• Abortion
• Mastitis

10
What is the morphology of typical corynebacterium
spp.?

• Small gram rods
• Club-shaped swellings at one or both ends
• chinese lettering

11
What is the morphology of Actinomyces?

• Gram
• Slender rods

12
What causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in cattle
and pizzle rot in sheep and goats?

• Corynebacterium renale group
• C. renale
• C. pilosum
• C. cystidis

13
What is the disease forms associated with
Actinomyces suis?

• Habitat is prepuce and urethra of boar
• Disease only in sow, causing cystitis and
  pyelonephritis

14
How is tetanus diagnosed?

• Clinical signs
• Discovery of appropriate wound

15
What is the morphology of Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae?

• Gram
• slender rods

16
What is the main cause of pizzle rot in sheep?

• High protein diet

17
What are the main forms of erysipelas in pigs?

• Septicemia
• Diamond skin lesions (urticaria)
• Endocarditis
• arthritis

18
What is the disease associated with Actinomyces
bovis in horses?

• Infection of bursae in horses
• poll evil or fistulous withers

19
What is the bacteria associated with Swine
erysipelas?

• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

20
What is the morphology of Listeria monocytogenes?

• Small gram rods
• May be coccoid

21
How is Listeria typically enriched in the
laboratory?

• cold enrichment

22
What is the morphology of Arcanobacterium
pyogenes?

• Small gram rods
• Resemble corynebacterium

23
What is the disease associated with Actinomyces
bovis in cattle?

• lumpy jaw
• Caused by erupting teeth or abrasive food

24
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium sordellii?

• Isolated from sudden deaths, and big head in
  rams

25
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium botulinum in wild birds?

• limberneck- ingestion of rotting vegetation and
  dead invertebrates
• Ingestion of dead fish

26
What are the signs associated with rhodococcus
equi?

• Bronchopenumonia
• Extensive anscessation and lymphangitis
• Necrotizing enterocolitis with ulceration

27
What is the disease forms associated with
Nocardia asteroides?

• Cattle
• mastitis
• Dogs, cats
• aspiration of organisms
• Blood stained purulent fluid in pleural cavity

28
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium perfringes Type A?

• Gas gangrene (man and occasionally animals)
• Food Poisoning (man
• Colitis in horses
• Necrotic enteritis in chickens
• Enterotoxemic jaundice in lambs

29
What is another name for Rhodococcus equi?

• Corynebacterium equi

30
What are the predisposing factors of
dermatophilus congolensis?

• Prolonged rainfall
• Humid conditions
• Heavy tick infestation

31
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium perfringes Type B?

• Lamb dysentery
• 2d-2wks old
• Causes severed diarrhea sometimes with blood
• Neonatal hemorrhagic enteritis in calves and
  foals
• Enterotoxemia in adult sheep and goats

32
What is the morphology of dermatophilus
congolensis?

• Gram rods
• Branching filaments
• Motile zoospores

33
What is the significance of Corynebacterium bovis?

• Commensal of bovine udder
• Provokes neutrophil response, thought to protect
  the udder from more serious infections

34
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium perfringes Type C?

• Hemorrhagic enterotoxemia- esp. in neonatal
  piglets, lambs, foals and calves
• Necrotic enteritis- chicks under 2 weeks
• Enterotoxemia in post weaning/ adult sheep in
  Britain and adult goats

35
What is the general lesion produced by
actinomyces spp.?

• Pyogranulomatous lesions
• Presence of hard sulfur granules

36
What is the morphology of bacillus spp.?

• Large gram rods
• Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
• Sporeforming
• Catalase

37
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium perfringes Type D?

• Enterotoxemia (pulpy kidney)
• Associated with change in diet usually for better
• Increases cerebral pressure which causes nervous
  signs
• Also causes hydropericardium, and edema of lungs
• Hyperglycemia, and glucosuria
• Enterotoxemia in goats and possibly cattle

38
What are the cultural characteristics of
streptococcus?

• Facultative anaerobes
• Catalase neg (staph catalase pos)

39
What are the cultural characteristics of
Actinomyces?

• Anaerobic or microaerophilic- some CO2 prefered

40
What are the disease forms associated with Staph
hyicus?

• Greasy pig disease
• exudative epidermitis
• Primarily in Suckling piglets
• Excessive sebaceous secretion
• Subacute disease- thickening and wrinkling of skin

41
What is the disease forms associated with bovine
farcy?

• Nocardia sp.
• Infection of the lymphatics of the lower limbs or
  head of cattle

42
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium perfringes Type E?

• Enteritis/enterotoxemia in calves and lambs

43
What is the morphology of Nocardia spp.

• Slender gram rods and filaments
• Modified acid-fast

44
What are some synonyms of dermatophilus
congolensis?

• Cattle- dermatophilosis, streptothricosis,
  senkobo skin disease
• Sheep- lumpy wool, mycotic dermatitis, strawberry
  footrot
• Horse- rain scald

45
What are the disease forms associated with staph
intermedius?

• Pyoderma in dogs and cats
• Lesions in skin folds
• Otitis externa

46
What is the disease forms associated with B.
anthracis?

• Septicemia with sudden death
• Dark, tarry unclotted blood oozing from orifices
• Spleen is greatly enlarged

47
What is the disease forms associated with
Actinomyces hordeovulneris?

• Injury by grass awns
• Local abscesses and serositis

48
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium piliforme?

• Was bacillus piliformis
• Aka tyzzers disease
• Enteritis of lower small intestine and proximal
  large intestine and focal necrosis of liver
• Disease seen in young animals

49
What are the three most common streptococci
associated with bovine mastitis?

• S. agalactiae
• S. dysgalactiae
• S. uberis

50
What is the disease forms associated with
dermatophilus congolensis?

• Scab and crust formation with shallow clean wound
  underneath

51
What is the disease forms associated with
Arcanobacterium pyogenes?

• summer mastitis
• Transmission by flies
• Non-lactating heifers and cows
• Abscesses, empyemas and pyogranulomas

52
What is the disease forms associated with
Streptococcus suis?

• Meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, and septicemia
  in pigs

53
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium spiroforme?

• Spontaneous diarrhea in weanling rabbits
• Antibiotic-induced diarrhea in adult rabbits
• Enterocolitis in foals and pigs

54
What is the disease forms associated with B.
cereus?

• Mastitis
• Abortion
• Conjunctivitis

55
What is the disease forms associated with
Actinomyces viscosus?

• Chronic pyogranulomatous lesions of skin
• Sero-sanguineous purulent fluid in the pleural
  cavity

56
What is the disease forms associated with
Streprococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus?

• Metritis, abortion, navel ill/joint ill

57
What is the morphology of Mycobacterium

• Slender rods
• Gram
• Acid fast
• Straight or slightly curved
• Strictly aerobic

58
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium difficile?

• Antibiotic-induced enterocolitis in man, rabbits,
  hamsters, guinea pigs
• Spontaneous diarrhea in dogs, foals and pigs

59
What is the morphology of staphylococcus?

• Gram cocci
• bunches of grapes
• Coagulase
• Catalase
• Facultative anaerobe
• Tolerates high NaCl

60
How is infection of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis acquired?

• Ingestion of infected feed or water

61
What is the causative agent behind strangles

• Streptococcus equi subspecies equi

62
What is thought to influence the onset of signs
associated with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis?

• stress

63
What is the number 1 cause of mastitis?

• Staph aureus

64
What is the disease forms associated with S. equi
subspecies equi?

• Nasal discharge, inflammation of mucosa of
  nasopharynx
• Bastard strangles- widespread abscessation in a
  variety of organs
• Purpura hemorrhagica- immune mediated vasculitis,
  SQ edema, petechial hemorrhages

65
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium chauvoei?

• Aka. Blackleg, quarter evil, blackquarter
• Blackening of the muscle and gas build up
• High temp
• Depressed and lame

66
What is the disease forms associated with
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis?

• Chronic enteritis of ruminants
• Chronic wasting disease with intermittent
  diarrhea
• Edema and thickening of ileo-cecal valve
• Edema of mesenteric lnn.

67
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium botulinum in ruminants?

• Phosphorus deficiency leading to depraved
  appetite where animals eat bones of dead animals
• forage poisoning- preserved food contains toxin
  from rotting bodies of dead rodents

68
What is the disease forms associated with B.
larvae?

• Foulbrood in bees

69
What is the disease forms associated with
Streptococcus porcinus?

• Abscessation of lnn. especially of head in pigs

70
What are the disease forms associated with
Clostridium septicum?

• Aka. Malignant edema, braxy
• Common, active post morten invader
• Gains entry by soil contamination of wounds
• Muscle dark brown to black
• Little gas formation

71
What is the morphology of streptococcus?

• Gram cocci
• Pairs or chains

72
What is the pathology behind Braxy?

• Clostridium septicum
• Caused by eating of frozen grass
• Damages wall of abomasum

73
What human disease is thought to be associated
with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis?

• Crohns disease

74
What is the disease forms associated with B.
licheniformis?

• Abortion

75
What diseases are caused by the two types of
clostridium novyi

• Type A- gas gangrene, big head in rams
• Type B- black disease in sheep

76
What is the disease forms associated with
Clostridium tetani?

• tetanus
• Lock jaw in humans and animals
• Overstimulation of motor neurons which causes a
  rigidity of extensors

77
What is the disease forms associated with
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis?

• Misc pyogenic infections in many species of
  animals

78
What are the disease forms associated with big
head

• Clostridium novyi Type A
• Edematous swelling of head and neck after
  infection due to trauma to the SQ tissues of the
  head

79
What types of injuries typically cause tetanus?

• wounds
• horn disbudding
• castration/emasculation
• navel

80
What is the morphology of clostridium?

• Large gram rods
• Spore forming
• Anaerobic
• Catalase neg

81
What are the disease forms associated with black
disease?

• Aka. Infectious necrotic hepatitis
• Clostridium novyi Type B
• Organisms lodge in liver following ingestion
• Multiply in lesions formed by liver flukes
• Increased necrosis of liver and sudden death

82
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium botulinum in equines?

• forage poisoning- preserved food contains toxin
  from rotting bodies of dead rodents
• shaker foal syndrome- organisms multiply in
  necrotic lesions in the gastro-intestinal tract

83
What is the disease forms associated with
Streptococcus canis?

• Neonatal septicemia and metritis

84
What are the disease forms associated with
clostridium haemolyticum?

• Was called C. novyi Type D
• Aka. Bacillary hemoglobinuria
• Can produce toxin when multiplying in areas of
  liver necrosis usually due to fluke migration
• Hemoglobinuria, anemia, pale and raised purple
  areas