The

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The Roaring Twenties
Canada 1919-1929
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THE SOLDIERS WAIT TO COME HOME
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• Once the war ended in 1918, thousands of Canadian
  soldiers were stuck in Europe waiting to be
  shipped home.
• Many rioted out of sheer boredom at the months of
  waiting. The leaders of the riots were arrested
  and shot. Eventually, enough transports were
  found to send these soldiers home to a heroes
  welcome.
• The conditions that these soldiers endured helped
  to spread the worldwide outbreak of Spanish flu
  to Canada 20 million were killed worldwide,
  35,000 Canadians died.

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Spanish flu hospital
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TROUBLE AT HOMETHE WINNIPEG GENERAL STRIKE
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Trouble at Home The Winnipeg General Strike 1919

• Many returning soldiers found they had no jobs
  the munitions factories were no longer needed to
  produce weapons for the war.
• Many Canadians were impressed by the Russian
  Revolution, which seemed to give power to the
  ordinary worker. One of the centres of worker
  frustration was the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba in
  the summer of 1919.

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• When the metal workers of Winnipeg went on strike
  for higher pay, they called on their fellow
  unionized workers to join them. Soon, 35,000
  workers were on strike, with their leaders openly
  supporting the Communist government in Russia.
• The Mayor of Winnipeg called on the Canadian army
  and the RCMP for support. Together, they
  dispersed the rioters, whose leaders were
  arrested. Those born outside of Canada were
  deported to their country of birth.

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POLITICS THE ECONOMY
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Politics and the Economy

• After the postwar slump, parts of the Canadian
  economy began to recover, except for the Maritime
  Provinces.
• People bought cars and new electrical appliances
  on credit. They also speculated on the Stock
  Market to make quick profits.

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• Canada gained more independence from Britain as
  the 1920s progressed. Prime Minister Mackenzie
  King fought and won the 1926 federal election by
  criticizing the powers of Governor-General, the
  British Lord Julian Byng, who had interfered in
  the Canadian political process.
• By 1926, the USA had replaced Britain as Canadas
  greatest trading partner.

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Julian, Lord Byng

• Prime Minister
• Mackenzie King

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CULTURE

• The Group of Seven

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Culture

• The 1920s was the era of the Group of Seven, who
  painted Canadas rugged northern landscapes in
  bold colours and thick brush strokes.
• Though not a member of the Group of Seven, Emily
  Carr was influenced by their work in her
  paintings of Aboriginal life in British Columbia.
• Original members of the Group of Seven J.E.H.
  MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Franklin Carmichael,
  Arthur Lismer, F.H. Varley, A.Y. Jackson, and
  Franz Johnston.

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Winter in the Northern Woods by Lawren Harris,
which sold for 1,575,500 in May 2004.
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The Red Maple by A.Y. Jackson, National Gallery
of Canada, Ottawa.
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Lake O'Hara Rocky Mountains by J.E.H MacDonald.
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Emily Carr
Totem Forest by Emily Carr.
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Tom Thomson
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The Jack Pine by Tom Thomson, National Gallery
of Canada, Ottawa.
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• Canadian writers and novelists were also making
  an impression. Books such as Sunshine Sketches of
  a Little Town (Stephen Leacock) and the Anne of
  Green Gables chronicles (Lucy Maud Montgomery)
  were popular among Canadians.
• Male and female Canadian athletes won several
  golds at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.

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• The Bluenose schooner won the hearts of Canadians
  by winning the International Fishermans Trophy
  17 consecutive times (1921-1938).
• Hockey emerged as one of Canadas favourite
  sports and pastimes a popularity that soon
  spread to the United States with the creation of
  the Boston Bruins, New York Rangers, Detroit Red
  Wings and Chicago Blackhawks (in order to form
  the Original 6 NHL teams by 1926-1927)

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WOMEN BECOME PEOPLE 1929
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Women Become "People" 1929

• During the 1920s, women occupied low-paying,
  low-status jobs. Many employers, including the
  federal government, forced women to resign when
  they got married.
• Only 25 of women attended high school many were
  still expected to help look after their family
  until they married, then to look after their own
  children.

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• Albertas Famous Five (Emily Murphy, Irene
  Parlby, Nellie McClung, Henrietta Edwards and
  Louise McKinney) challenged the Canadian Supreme
  Court over womens status.
• In 1928, the Canadian Supreme Court declared that
  only men were persons. The Famous Five took
  the case to the Judicial Committee of the British
  Privy Council, who in 1929 overturned the
  decision of the Canadian Supreme Court (they had
  the power to do this until 1949) and ruled that
  Canadian women were people under the law.

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Albertas Famous Five

• Emily Murphy
• Irene Parlby
• Nellie McClung
• Louise McKinney
• Henrietta Edwards

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TECHNOLOGY

• By 1920, 1 in 4 families had a telephone by 1929
  this had risen to 3 in 4.

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• With the advent of cheaper cars due to production
  line technology at the Ford plant in Windsor,
  Ontario, many Canadians bought cars. Highways,
  paved roads, gas stations, parking lots and
  motels were the result of the widespread use of
  the car.

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• With the advances in airplane technology in World
  War One, bush pilots were able to fly great
  distances into the northern territories and air
  mail became popular.

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• In 1924, a Canadian engineer called Ted Rogers
  invented a radio that plugged into an electrical
  current. By the end of the 1920s, millions of
  Canadians were listening to Hockey Night in
  Canada.

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• In 1922, the Canadian doctors Frederick Banting
  and Charles Best injected a 14-year-old diabetic
  with insulin to control his blood sugar. Although
  not a cure, it has kept millions of diabetics
  around the world alive ever since.

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PROHIBITION GANGSTERS
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• Introduced in January 1920, prohibition made
  alcohol illegal across the United States. It
  failed to stop people drinking and encouraged
  organized crime, which supplied bootleg liquor.
  Much of the bootlegged liquor was smuggled over
  the Canadian border.
• Prohibition met with great resistance, and was
  eventually abandoned in the United States in
  1933. Prohibition was not popular in Canada it
  had been introduced towards the end of the First
  World War, but most provinces had abandoned it
  within 10 years. PEI kept prohibition until 1948!

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• In the 1920s mobsters fought for control of the
  bootleg trade. Gang leaders such as Al Capone
  were brutal and their rivalry led to many bloody
  clashes Al Capone is said to have controlled the
  bootleg liquor trade out of Moose Jaw,
  Saskatchewan.
• Mob warfare declined in the 1930s, but crime
  continued to bring notoriety. Many gangsters were
  as famous as movie stars.

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Al Capone
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FASHION
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Fashion

• Scandalously high hemlines, bobbed hair, cloche
  hats, and unfeminine shapes typified the new
  fashions of the 1920s. These women were called
  Flappers, a put down by men who said women were
  like baby birds trying to break free of their
  control
• Moralists strongly disapproved of Flappers, who
  smoke, drank and swore. They loved fast cars and
  all-night dance clubs.

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Flappers

• Betty Boop

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MUSIC DANCE CRAZES
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Music and Dance Crazes

• The African-American style of music known as
  jazz was born in the southern USA.
• During the 1920s it put down roots in northern
  cities such as Chicago and Toronto, and developed
  a firm following among young whites.
• New dances reflected the pursuit of fun and
  excitement of the 1920s generation.
• The most famous, the frenetic Charleston, was a
  craze of the mid-1920s. The dances were
  uninhibited, and totally unlike anything seen in
  polite white society before.
• Other dances included the Bunny Hop, the Black
  Bottom, the Foxtrot, the Jitterbug and the Shimmy.

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Movie Mania

• The 1920s was the golden age of silent movies.
  Early Hollywood stars such as Rudolph Valentino,
  Douglas Fairbanks, and the Canadian Mary Pickford
  enjoyed worldwide fame.
• By 1929, the talkies were driving silent
  pictures off the screen.