The Dublin Region

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The Dublin Region

• Core Irish Region

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The Dublin Region

• Learning Intention
• Understand how the physical characteristics of
  the Dublin region can affect the area and its
  people, both economically and socially.
• Analyse the interaction between physical,
  economic and human processes in the region.
• Compare and contrast the characteristics of the
  Dublin region and the West of Ireland.

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Todays Learning.....

• Identify the region on a map of Ireland.
• Draw an outline sketch map of Ireland.
• Show the boundary of the Dublin region on this
  sketch map.
• Identify a number of features in the region.

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Map

• Draw an outline sketch map of Ireland.
• Mark and identify the Dublin region.
• Locate and mark in
• A river in the region
• A mountain range
• A main
• Communication link
• The main urban centre

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Exam Question
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Todays Learning Intention

• Review some general characteristics of the Dublin
  region
• Examine the Dublin regions physical processes
• Climate
• Soil
• Relief
• Drainage

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Core Region

• It is a focal point/nodal point of the main road
  and rail networks (with two sea ports and an
  international port).
• It is the financial and administrative capital
  (with the seat of government).
• Well-drained lowland area with fertile soils and
  sheltered harbours.
• High population density 1 million people
• In-migration.
• Attracts industry due to young, educated
  workforce.
• It is a quickly growing region.

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Physical Processes

• Climate
• Soil
• Relief
• Drainage

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Climate

• Cool temperate oceanic/maritime
• Warmer and drier than the Western Region
• Temperatures 16 C in the summer and average
  5.5C in the winter
• Rainfall 800 mm of rainfall annually
• Rainfall is lower than elsewhere in country
• Rain shadow effect most precipitation is lost
  before the Atlantic depressions reach the Dublin
  region
• Rain-bearing south-westerly winds have less
  impact in this region

• Daylight the region receives 4 hrs sunshine per
  day
• Growing season is approximately 270 days
• Coastal location less frost in spring
• Crops planted in the Dublin region ripen earlier
  than crops elsewhere

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Soil

• Brown earths
• Deep fertile soil - easily cultivated
• High humus content - deciduous forests covered
  the region
• Alluvial deposits- local rivers
• Blanket bogs- Dublin Mountains

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Market Gardening

• North Dublin
• Marine, light, sandy soils
• Free draining
• Ideal for market gardening/horticulture
• Growing salad crops in green houses for a nearby
  urban market

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Soils in the Dublin Region
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Relief Drainage

• Mainly lowland
• Undulating towards the north and west
• Good drainage
• Main rock type-limestone
• Permeable sedimentary rock -allows water to drain
  freely
• Well-drained River Liffey, Tolka and Dodder

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Pair-share....

• Climate type?
• Hours of Sunshine?
• Temperature range?
• Days in the growing season?
• Annual rainfall?
• Less frost..why?
• Main soil type?
• Main rock type?
• 3 rivers?

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Comparison Table

• Physical Characteristics

West of Ireland Dublin Region
Climate
Soil
Relief
Drainage
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Dublin Region

• Primary Economic Activities

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Agriculture

• Dublin Region

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Agriculture

• Dublin region is highly productive and commercial
  
• Area only has about 1,500 farms,1 of the
  national total
• Highly urbanised
• Farm incomes 40 higher than the national average
  
• Lowland
• Highly mechanised and intensive
• E.g. -region produces 11 of the national wheat
  crop and 15 of the national potato crop

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• Deep, fertile soils
• High yields of tillage crops e.g. wheat and
  barley
• Malting barley is used for the brewing and
  distilling industry
• Protein-rich barley is used for animal feed
• Farming output is high due to demands of a
  nearby large and wealthy urban market
• Due to close proximity to Dublin city transport
  costs are low

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• Age profile of farmers is lower than in the West
• Farmers are well educated use a market
  orientated and scientific approach
• Farmers specialise in market gardening migrant
  workers from Dublin city are used for labour
• Cabbage Onions main crops
• Farms are constantly under threat from urban
  sprawl encouraging farming to be intensive and
  profitable

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Fishing

• Dublin Region

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Fishing

• Main fishing port -Howth
• Third largest port in Ireland
• Value -5 million
• Dublin Bay prawns- 40 of total shellfish
  exported

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Challenges...

• Fishing declining
• Overfishing-1960s
• 35 of fish landed in Ireland-caught in Dublin
  ports
• 3 in 2000
• Aquaculture limited
• Irish Sea more polluted than Atlantic Ocean

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Exam Question

• Describe and explain any two physical factors
  that have influenced the development of
  agriculture in an Irish region studied by you.
  (30m)

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Comparison Table

• Primary Economic Activities

West of Ireland Dublin
Agriculture
Fishing
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Dublin Region

• Secondary Economic Activities

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Secondary Economic Activities

• 25 Irelands manufacturing industries
• 40 of people employed in the manufacturing
  sector are in this region
• Nodal point a focus of routeways, rail and air
  networks
• EU and worldwide markets
• Direct governmental involvement during the 1990s
  resulted in 60 of all new industry developed in
  Dublin region

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• Low rate of corporate tax of 12.5 for new
  industries
• Modern infrastructure, state-of-the-art
  telecommunication links and easily accessible
  industrial estates
• Abundant well-educated workforce
• 80 of Irelands colleges are located in the
  region

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• Low age profile- 45 of population under 25 years
  of age
• Industrial output per worker is higher
• Manufacturing wages 10 higher than the national
  average
• People of the Dublin region are generally
  wealthier, this attracts producers of
  luxury-based goods
• Location of the largest financial services sector
  in the country is in the IFSC in Dublin
  businesses can avail of its financial management
  and business development advice services

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Location of Industry

• Traditional brewing and distilling, e.g.
  Guinness, and printing, e.g. Irish Independent
• Modern growth industries of internet technology,
  e.g. Google, and pharmaceutical, e.g. Pfizer
• Traditionally located within the city limits
  because of close proximity to the port and a good
  supply of local manual labour
• Newer industries have tended to locate on the
  outskirts of Dublin city in close proximity to
  the M50 Port Tunnel as it is easily accessible
• Close to a large labour pool in the satellite
  towns
• More spacious sites available

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Case Study

• Wyeth/Pfizer Biopharmaceutical in Clondalkin
• 95 of people employed in the plant have third
  level qualifications
• Employs over 1,000 people
• Just off the M50
• Major contributor to scientific research in
  Ireland
• Invested over 640 million in Science Foundation
  Ireland

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• Manufacturing is also now widely dispersed
• 5 of the worlds top 10 software companies
  located here (Microsoft/Google)
• Dublin region is highly dependent on foreign
  investment with over 800 of its companies from
  overseas and 350 of those US-based companies
• Dependence on foreign investment is an issue that
  can worry the Irish government
• However.

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Irish Times Sat 23rd Feb 2013

• Since the beginning of this year, some 27
  overseas companies have announced new investments
  in Dublin involving the creation of more than
  2,500 jobs across a variant of knowledge
  intensive sectors. Among these are household
  names such as PayPal, LinkedIn, Dell, Symantec,
  Allianz, Pfizer, Google and Accenture.
• Dublin is the engine of growth for foreign
  direct investment in Ireland, says IDA chief
  executive Barry OLeary. Internationally, the
  city continues to become increasingly attractive
  to overseas investors, with a highly flexible
  talent pool offering and a strong cluster of
  world leading companies growing their presence.

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Exam Question

• Describe and explain the development of secondary
  economic activities in an Irish region you have
  studied. (30m)
• Explain two factors which influence either
  agriculture or industry in one Irish region
  studied by you. (30m)

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Dublin Region

• Tertiary Economic Activities

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Tourism

• The region is the main point of entry for
  visitors to the country
• Benefited from the removal of Shannon as a
  stopover point
• 27 per cent of Irish visitors stay in region
• Tourism earns 1 billion for the region annually
• In 2008 over 4 million tourists visited Dublin
• 90 per cent of all scheduled air flights to
  Ireland land at Dublin airport
• A year round business

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Main Tourist Attractions

• Trinity College- Book of Kells
• Christchurch Cathedral
• Dublin Castle
• Four Courts
• Guinness Storehouse
• Museums
• Croke Park

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Transport

• Most efficient transport system in the country
• Governmental investment under the NDP
• Dublin port processes 50 of Irish trade
• Dublin airport is the largest in the country and
  a major employer it handled 20.9 million
  passengers in 2009
• Well developed public transport system with
  Dublin Bus, DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit) and
  the LUAS light rail system
• Suffers badly from traffic congestion

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Transport

• 90 of all commercial transport is by road
• In 1997 during peak times traffic speed had been
  reduced in the city to 14 km per hour
• Introduced the Transport 21 scheme
• In 2006 construction of Dublin Port Tunnel
• Upgrade the M50
• Terminal 2 in Dublin Airport opened in 2010

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Future Planning

• Expansion of the DART lines to double its
  capacity
• Expansion of QBCs
• New Luas lines
• Metro system
• A fivefold increase in taxi numbers
• Government need to introduce a policy of higher
  density housing along public transport routes
• This is in line with the European model of cities
  
• Urban infill (inner city renewal regeneration)
  is also a policy that could be investigated

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Exam QuestionExam QuestionExamine the
development of tertiary economic activities in an
Irish region that you have studied. (30m)
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Revision Quiz... Round 1

• 1.Climate type?
• 2. Hours of Sunshine?
• 3. Temperature range?
• 4. Days in the growing season?
• 5. Annual rainfall?
• 6. Less frost..why?
• 7. Main soil type?
• 8. Main rock type?
• 9. 3 rivers?
• 10. Number of farms?

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Revision Quiz...Round 2

• 1. Length of growing season?
• 2. Main market gardening crops?
• 3. Main fishing port?
• 4. Brewing company?
• 5. Number employed in Wyeth/Pfizer
• 6. in Wyeth/Pfizer with 3rd level
  qualifications?
• 7. of flights landing in Dublin?
• 8. Book of Kells stored here?
• 9. Dublins light rail system?
• 10. Year that airport T2 opened?

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Dublin Region

• Human Processes

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Population Dynamics

• Textbook page 267
• Note 6 SRPs

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Urban Rural Development / The Growth of Dublin

• The boundaries of a city have expanded over
  time. Discuss.
• Textbook page 268 - 270

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Exam Questions

• Examine the development of one urban area in any
  Irish region studied by you. (30m)
• Regions can be defined by many factors including
• Economic
• Human
• Physical
• Explain how any one of the above factors has
  defined an Irish region studied by you. (30m)