Word Study

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Word Study
SPI 0601.1.15 multi-meaning words SPI 0601.1.16
meaning of unfamiliar words SPI 0601.1.17 Use
dictionaries, thesauruses, electronic sources,
and glossaries as aids in determining the meaning
of unfamiliar words. SPI 0601.1.20 Use knowledge
of root words, affixes, syllabication, and/or
spelling patterns as aids in determining meaning
within context.
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Part 1

• Context Clues

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When you see an unfamiliar word try these steps.

• Try to figure the meaning of the word by using
  context clues. By using other words and sentences
  near the unfamiliar word, along with your
  knowledge of the topic, you can get a good idea
  of what the new word means.

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Definition Context Clue

• an explanation for an unknown word is given
• Example When Sara was sick, her voice was almost
  inaudible. We couldn't hear what she was trying
  to say clearly.

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Repeat Context Clue

• synonym
• Example You can trust the salesmen at that store
  because they always conduct business in an
  aboveboard manner.

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Contrast Context Clue

• antonym
• ExampleI thought the painting of the waves
  crashing into the shore was very picturesque, but
  I thought the one next to it was quite ugly.

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Association or General Sense Context Clue

• lets the reader puzzle out a word meaning from
  whatever information is available
• ExampleAfter the harvest, we had an abundant
  amount of apples. We made apple pie, apple sauce,
  and apple juice because we had so many apples!

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Specific Examples Context Clue

• Using examples or illustrations, an author tries
  to show what a word means. A writer may give just
  one example or several.. Signals for examples
  include
• such as
• including
• consists of
• colons ()
• dashes (-)

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Specific Examples Context Clue (examples)

• Projectiles include those items that are shot
  forward such as a cannon shell, bullet, or
  rocket.
•  
• A sleuth, such as Sherlock Holmes, can be very
  helpful in solving crimes.
• Zack was a good at many sports. He excelled in
  swimming, running, horsemanship, fencing, and
  target shooting. He decided to compete in the
  pentathlon rather than having to choose one of
  the events.

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Practice

• Context Clues http//www.tlsbooks.com/contextclues
  .pdf
• Direct Definition Context Clues
  http//www.manatee.k12.fl.us/sites/elementary/samo
  set/ccdirect.htm
• Using Context Clues http//www.internet4classrooms
  .com/assessment_assistance/assessment_preparation_
  language_arts_context_clues.htm

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Part 2

• Break the word apart. See if the word contains
  prefixes or suffixes.

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Prefixes

• A prefix is a group of letters added to the
  beginning of a word to change the meaning of the
  word (known as the root word).

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Prefix Meaning Examples
dis- opposite of, apart, away, not disagreediscontinue
en- cause to be, put in or on enclose, enforce, entangle
mis- wrong misspell, misdeed
pre- before in place, in time, in rank, in order preview, precook
re- again, back return, redo
sub- under, beneath substandard
un- not, in reverse unhurt, unafraid
 
 
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What does this mean?

• disappear

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• opposite of appear
• Since appear means to come into view, this
  disappear must mean the opposite of come into
  view or to vanish.

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What does this mean?

• enrage

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• cause to be in a rage
• Since rage means anger, then enrage must mean to
  cause anger.

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What does this mean?

• miscalculate

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• wrong calculation
• Since calculation means sum up, then
  miscalculation must mean to sum up incorrectly or
  make a mistake.

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What does this mean?

• hopeful

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• full of hope
• Since hope means wish, then hopeful must mean
  full of wishing or looking forward to.

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What does this mean?

• prepay

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• pay before
• Since pay means give money for an item, then
  prepay must mean to pay money before being given
  an item.

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What does this mean?

• retie

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• tie again
• Since tie means to knot, then retie must mean to
  knot again.

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What does this mean?

• submarine

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• under ocean
• Since marine means of the ocean, then submarine
  must mean under the ocean.

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What does this mean?

• unreal

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• not real
• Since real means genuine, then unreal must mean
  not real or fake.

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Organizer

• Glue Prefix Organizer in your notebook.

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Suffix Meaning Examples
-ment action or process movement, bewilderment
-ness state of, condition of ruthlessness
-able -ible can be done capable, visible
-ful full of, having some or much useful
-or    -er    -ar a person connected with (changes verb to noun) actor, runner
-ous -eous -ious possessing the quality of courteous, delicious
 
 
 
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What does this mean?

• government

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• process of governing
• Since govern means to rule, then government must
  mean the process of ruling authority,
  leadership, or supervision.

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What does this mean?

• kindness

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• state of being kind
• Since kind means to caring, then kindness must
  mean the state of being kind or compassion.

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What does this mean?

• comfortable

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• can be of comfort
• Since comfort means to coziness, then comfortable
  must mean can be of comfort or cozy and restful.

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What does this mean?

• joyful

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• full of joy
• Since joy means to happy, then joyful must mean
  full of happiness or jubilant.

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What does this mean?

• beggar

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• a person connected with begging
• Since beg means to plead, then beggar must mean a
  person who pleads.

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What does this mean?

• religious

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• Possessing the quality of religion
• Since religion means to faith or belief, then
  religious must a person who possesses the quality
  of faith or belief or spiritual.

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Practice

• http//leadingfamilies.com/learning/writing/flash/
  bold.swf

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Organizer

• Glue Suffix Organizer in your notebook.

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Part 3

• Resources

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• When using context clues or breaking the word
  apart does not help you figure out its meaning,
  then try one of these resources.
• Dictionary
• Thesaurus
• Electronic Source
• Glossary

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dictionary

•  a reference book composed of an alphabetical
  listing of words with their meanings

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thesaurus

•  a book that lists words grouped together
  according to similarity of meaning (containing
  synonyms and sometimes antonyms)

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electronic source

• information stored in electronic format over the
  Internet (WWW), on CD-ROM or computer disk and
  accessed directly or via telecommunications

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glossary

• an alphabetical list of technical terms in some
  specialized field of knowledge usually published
  as an appendix to a text on that field

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• Be Bold (Context Clues and Dictionary)
  http//leadingfamilies.com/learning/writing/flash/
  bold.swf
• Never Fear (Thesaurus on MS Word)
  http//leadingfamilies.com/learning/writing/flash/
  never_fear.swf

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Practice

• Dictionary Skills Review
• http//www.tlsbooks.com/dictionaryskillsreview.pdf
  

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Sample Test Questions
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