FOOD

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FOOD NUTRITION

• Section 38-1
• Yummy!
• Biology 392

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Do you know?

• How many days can you survive without food?
• How many days .without water?
• What important nutrient are vegetarians at risk
  of missing in their diet?
• Is it OK to exceed the recommended amount of
  vitamin supplements?

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Why do we need food?

• ENERGY
• BUILDING NEW MOLECULES
• Proteins
• Cell membrane
• DNA

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Nutrition

• Definition ? The study of food and its effects on
  the body
• Measured in CALORIES ? amount of heat energy
  needed to raise the temp. of 1 gm(1mL) of water
  by 1 degree Celsius
• 1 Calorie 1 kilocalorie 1000 calories
• You need about 2200 C (?) to 2800 C (?) per day

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NUTRIENTS

• Your body can extract energy nutrients from
  almost any type of food
• 6 Major Nutrients include
• Water Carbohydrates
• Vitamins Proteins
• Minerals Fats (lipids)

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WATER

• The most important nutrient
• Every cell in the body needs water to complete
  many of the bodys processes and chemical
  reactions
• Water loss causes problems in all body systems

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CARBOHYDRATESMajor source of Energy2 Forms

• COMPLEX
• Ex Starches
• Grains, potatoes, vegetables
• Ex Cellulose/Fiber
• Lettuce, bran, whole grain breads
• Cannot be broken down, but important for moving
  food efficiently.

• SIMPLE
• Ex simple sugars
• Fruits, honey, sugar cane
• Mono- di-saccharides

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FATS

• FUNCTION Manufacture cell membranes, produce
  certain hormones, store energy
• 2 FORMS
• Saturated ? contains only single bonds
• Ex butter, lard, other animal fats
• Solid at Room Temp
• Unsaturated ? 1 or more double or triple bonds
• Ex Vegetable oils
• Liquid at Room Temp

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PROTEINS

• FUNCTION Provides body with material for growth
  repair
• Make up parts of muscles, skin organs
• Are enzymes!
• FORMS 20 common amino acids
• Body can naturally produce only 12
• Diet must supply other 8
• Called ESSENTIAL amino acids

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VITAMINS

• DEFINITION ? Organic molecules that are needed by
  the body to help perform important chemical
  reactions
• FUNCTIONS ? see pg 974
• 14 Essential Vitamins
• FORMS ? 2
• Fat- Soluble (A,D,E,K) ? stored in fatty tissues
• Water-Soluble (C,B) ? cannot be stored

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MINERALS

• DEFINITION ? Inorganic nutrients the body needs,
  usually in small amounts
• Found in periodic table
• FUNCTION ? see page 975
• Examples Ca (bones) Fe (needed for hemoglobin)
  Mg (normal function of nerves and muscles)
• Lost in sweat, urine and other wastes.

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Summary Questions

• 1. What are the 6 nutrients needed by the body?
• 2. What would happen if you did not eat enough
  carbs fats?
• 3. Vegetarians may sometimes take dietary
  supplements. What, specifically, might they be
  missing in their meatless diets?
• 4. You ate a lot of oranges last week for a nice,
  healthy dose of vitamin C. Must you eat an
  orange today? Why?

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How do you know what to eat?

• Nutritionists have analyzed how much of each
  nutrient you need and what foods contain the
  combinations of each.
• This info is compiled in the food pyramid

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Old Food Pyramid
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New Food Pyramid
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General Dietary Recommendations

• 3 to 5 servings of vegetables
• 2 to 4 servings of fruits
• 2 to 3 servings of milk, yogurt cheese
• 6 to 11 servings of bread, cereal, rice,
  pasta
• 2 to 3 servings of meat, poultry, fish, dry
  beans, eggs nuts
• Use fats, oils sweets sparingly
•  

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Just what is One Serving?

• Milk products group
• 1 cup about 8 oz. of milk or yogurt
• 2 slices of cheese, 1/8" thick (1½ oz.)
• 2 cups of cottage cheese
• 1½ cups of ice milk, ice cream or frozen
  yogurt Meat group
• 2 oz. to 3 oz. of cooked lean meat, poultry,
  or fish
• 2 eggs
• 7 oz. tofu
• 1 cup cooked legumes or dried beans or peas
• 4 tablespoons peanut butter
• 1/2 cup nuts or seeds Vegetables
• 1/2 cup cooked vegetables
• 1/2 cup raw chopped vegetables
• 1 cup raw leafy vegetables
• 1/2 to 3/4 cup vegetable juice

• Fruits
• 1 whole medium fruit (about 1 cup)
• 1/4 cup dried fruit
• 1/2 cup canned fruit
• 1/2 to 3/4 cup fruit juice Bread and
  Cereals
• 1 slice bread
• 1 medium muffin
• 1/2 hot dog bun or hamburger bun
• 1/2 bagel or english muffin
• 4 small crackers
• 1 tortilla
• 1 cup cold cereal
• 1/2 cup cooked cereal
• 1/2 cup rice
• 1/2 cup pasta