Chapter 1 Engineering and Management

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Chapter 1Engineering and Management
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Advanced Organizer
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Chapter Outline

• Origins of Engineering
• Engineering as a Profession
• Roles of Engineers
• Management Levels and Skills
• Roles and Functions of Managers
• Engineering Management

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Learning Objectives

• Describe the origins of engineering practice
• Identify the functions of management
• Define Engineering Management
• Explain the need for engineers in management

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Origin of Engineering

• Engineer Ingenious stem from Latin word
  ingenium
• Talent, natural capacity
• Clever invention

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Definition of Profession

• a calling requiring specialized knowledge and
  often long and intensive preparation, including
  instruction in skills and methods as well as in
  the scientific, historical or scholarly
  principles underlying such skills and methods,
  maintaining by force of organization or concerted
  opinion high standards of achievement and conduct
  and committing its members to continued study and
  to a kind of work which has for its prime purpose
  the rendering of a public service.
• --Websters 3rd International Dictionary

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Definition of Engineering Profession

• the art of directing the great sources of power
  in nature, for the use and convenience of man.
• --The first issue (1866) of the English journal
  Engineering
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• the profession in which a knowledge of the
  mathematical and natural sciences gained by
  study, experience, and practice is applied with
  judgment to develop ways to utilize,
  economically, the materials and forces of nature
  for the benefit of mankind.
• --Engineers' Council for Professional Development

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What Engineers Do?

• Engineers apply the theories and principles of
  science and mathematics to the economical
  solution of practical technical problems.
• Engineers design machinery, products, systems,
  and processes for efficient and economical
  performance.
• --U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Types of Engineers

• Civil Engineers
• Agricultural Engineers
• Mechanical Engineers
• Electrical Engineers
• Industrial Engineers
• Chemical Engineers
• Aerospace Engineers
• Computer Engineers
• Software Engineers
• Biomedical Engineers

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Engineers of Future

• Teamwork
• Flexibility
• Interpersonal skills

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Engineering Employment
2006 2002 2000
Total (U.S.) 1,500,000 1,478,000 1,572,000
Civil 256,000 228,000 211,000
Mechanical 227,000 215,000 259,000
Industrial 201,000 194,000 210,000
Electrical 153,000 292,000 450,000
Electronics 138,000 292,000 450,000
Aerospace 90,000 78,000 80,000
Computer 79,000 74,000
Environmental 54,000 47,000
Chemical 30,000 33,000 67,000
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Engineering Employment
2006 2002 2000
Health Safety 25,000 24,000
Materials 22,000 24,000
Petroleum 17,000 14,000
Nuclear 15,000 16,000
Biomedical 14,000 7,600
Marine / Naval arch. 9,200 4,900
Mining and geological 7,100 5,200
Agricultural 3,100 2,900
All others 170,000 243,000
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Engineering Jobs

• Manufacturing Industries (37)
• Product Research, Design
• Production, Quality
• Plant, General
• Service Industries (28)
• Marketing, Purchasing, Recruiting
• Logistics
• Government (12)

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Management

• Manage to handle
• Management the process for managing, training,
  or directing

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Management Levels

• First-line managers
• Foreman, supervisor, section chief
• Middle managers
• Plant manger, division head, chief engineer,
  operations manager
• Top managers
• Chair of board, president, executive vice
  president, CEO, CFO

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Managerial Skills

• Technical skills
• Interpersonal skills
• Conceptual skills

First-line Middle Top



Technical Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Conceptual Skills
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Managerial Roles

• Interpersonal
• Figurehead, leader, liaison
• Informational
• Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
• Decisional
• Entrepreneurial, Disturbance handler, Resource
  allocator, Negotiator

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Functions of Managers

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Leading
• Controlling

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Engineering ManagementA Synthesis

• Engineering Management is the art and science of
  planning, organizing, allocating resources, and
  directing and controlling activities which have a
  technological component. -ASEM
• Engineering management is a field that bridges
  the gap between engineering and management.
  Engineering management involves the overall
  management of organizations with an orientation
  to manufacturing, construction, engineering,
  technology or production. -- Wikipedia

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Ordinary Managers vs.Engineering Managers

• The engineering manager is distinguished from
  other managers because he/she possesses both an
  ability to apply engineering principles and a
  skill in organizing and directing people and
  projects.
• He/she is uniquely qualified for two types of
  jobs the management of technical functions (such
  as design or production) in almost any
  enterprise, or the management of broader
  functions (such as marketing or top management)
  in a high-technology enterprise.

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Engineering ManagersNature of the Work

• Plan, coordinate, and direct research, design,
  and production activities.
• Supervise engineers, scientists, and technicians,
  along with support personnel.
• Apply knowledge of administrative procedures,
• Use communication skills extensively.
• --Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Need for Engineering Managers

• High-tech nature of business
• Extensive planning
• Uncertainties in products and processes
• Recruitment and evaluation of technical personnel
• Leadership and motivation of technical personnel

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Management and Engineering Career

• Engineering and sciences managers held about
  228,000 jobs in 2006.
• Manufacturing industries employed 38 of
  engineering and sciences managers.
• Another 31 worked in services industries.
• Other large employers include Federal, State, and
  local government agencies.
• Employment of engineering and sciences managers
  is expected to grow 8 percent over the 2006-16
  decade, about as fast as the average for all
  occupations.
• --Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Engineering Management Curriculum
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Advanced Organizer
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Discussion Questions

1. What is your background? (Major, Level of study,
   country of origin, job title)
2. Why do you take this course?
3. What is your expectation from this class?
4. Could you find out the trend in engineering
   enrollment (at college level) in U.S.?
5. Could you find out the trend in business
   enrollment (at college level) in U.S.?