DNA for Dummies (and the intellectually astute)

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DNA for Dummies(and the intellectually astute)

• A Dr. Parrott Production

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• Secret of Photo 51
• What organic polymer?
• Made of what monomers?
• Components?

Tour of the Basics
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DNA Wrap Basic DNA Wrap Advanced DNA Coiling
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Replication DNA?DNA

• Occurs during S phase of interphase in
  reproducing cells only
• DNA template is copied complimentarily and semi
  conservatively
• Occurs only in the nucleus

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Meselson-Stahl Experiment How DNA Replicates DNA
Replication Bidirectional Replication Replication
Complete General DNA Workshop
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Make a DNA strand complimentary to the
following DNA1 ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG
AAG TCT DNA2 TAC mRNA Amino Acids tRNA
replication
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DNA Replication Basic DNA Replication Fork Rep
Fork 2 DNA Replication DNA Polymerase
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Tran scription DNA?mRNA

• Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle with
  the exception of mitosis
• Occurs in the nucleus as messenger RNA copies DNA
• Transcription Translation
• TedEd The operating system of life - George
  Zaidan and Charles Morton

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RNA Splicing Transcription Transcription
Complete Transcription the Movie
Regulated Transcription
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Make a DNA strand complimentary to the
following DNA1 ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG
AAG TCT DNA2 TAC Transcribe the above DNA
template into an mRNA mRNA UAC Amino
Acids tRNA
transcription
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Translation mRNA?protein

• Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle
• Occurs at the ribosome as it
• reads the mRNA codons
• Matches codons to amino acids
• Prompts tRNA to bring a.a.
• Attaches a.a. with peptide bonds

DNA to Protein 2 PP Synthesis Walkthrough
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• howeasyisittoreadasentencethatdoesnothaveanypuncta
  tionitisoftenverydifficultbecauseweareusedtowordsb
  eingseparatedbyspacesandsentencesbeingdenotedbycap
  italizationandperiodssoisthecasewiththednasentence

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Codon Chart
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Translation

• tRNA anticodon is complimentary to mRNA codon
• tRNA is specific to the amino acid it brings
• Peptide bonds connect amino acids to form
  polypeptide (protein)

Translation Basic Translation Advanced Protein
Synthesis 2Translation the Movie Translation
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Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation
DNA ? proteins
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Make a DNA strand complimentary to the
following DNA ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT TAC GTG GAG
AAG TCT DNA TAC mRNA (codons) UAC Translate
the above mRNA strand into an amino acid
sequence (protein) Amino Acids Tyrosine tRNA
(anticodons)
translation
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• Protein Synthesis in the Cell and the Central
  Dogma
• Transcription Translation The Central Dogma of
  Biology
• Watch RNAi Online
• Genes and How They Work
• The twisting tale of DNA - Judith Hauck

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Make a DNA strand complimentary to the
following DNA ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG
AAG TCT DNA TAC mRNA (codons) UAC Amino
Acids Tyrosine What are the anticodons on the
tRNA for the above strands? tRNA (anticodons) AUG
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To summarize
Protein Synthesis
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(No Transcript)
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Mistakes/Mutations

• Mutation? any permanent alteration in the
  sequence of DNA bases
• Mutagen? causes a mutation i.e. chemicals,
  radiation, spontaneous
• Point mutations can result in frameshifts in the
  reading frame
• Chromosomal mutations can result in
  translocations
• Immortal Thread
• TED Where do Genes Come From?
• TedEd What happens when your DNA is
  damaged?-Monica Menesini

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Mistakes/Mutations

• Silent mutation? change in n.t. sequence, but no
  change in product
• Missense mutation? swapping of a.a. (sickle cell
  anemia, PKU)
• Nonsense mutation? insertion of stop codon into
  sequence
• Mutations Sickle Cell, 2
• How Cancer Grows, 2
• Evolutionary Arms Race HIV Resistance, 2

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DNA Technology Applications What is the GPS element? DNA Technology Applications What is the GPS element? DNA Technology Applications What is the GPS element? DNA Technology Applications What is the GPS element?
Medicine Agriculture Forensics
What are some uses? Finding Disease Genes Gene Therapy2 The Girl Whos Skin Never Heals Heart Gene therapy Trials Drugs Biological Warfare Genetic Testing Ethics GMOs The Right to Know Bioremediation Biofuels Engineering Biofuels What is Genetically Modified Food? How is Genetically Modified Food made? Crime Scene Investigation Molecular Genealogy Multiple DNA at Murder Scene Forensic DNA Analysis DNA paternity testing at DDC DNA Analysis Disappearance of Joy Mitochondrial DNA
What are some examples Bioengineering Body Parts RNAi Therapy Breast Cancer Alzheimer's Disease Plasmids Protein Bt Corn Super Salmon, 2, 3 Harvest of Fear Babies by Design? Transgenic Mouse Recombinant DNA Technology The Killers Trail Forensic Anthropology Immigration Laetoli Footprints National Institute of Justice DNA Resources
What are some pros?
What are some cons?
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Should we be ethically concerned about the
direction of DNA Technology?

• I am Legend News Report Scene (980L) min51s
• 10 Ways the World Will End Killer Mutants
  (1280L)
• Ian Malcolm gives Hammond an ethics lecture
• 12 Bizarre Examples of Genetic Engineering

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Can we Live Forever?
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Resources

• DNA Learning Center 3D Animations
• Genetics Movies
• DNA Tutorial
• Bacterial Replication Animations
• Telomere Synthesis (shortening of linear
  chromosomes)
• Gene Processing
• Replication Animations
• Gene Expression Animations
• Gene Technology
• DNA the Secret of Life Video
• Cracking the Code of Life Video
• Beadle-Tatum Experiments (one gene, one pp)
• Protein Synthesis Tutorial
• BlameitontheDNA.wmv
• Biotechnology Teacher Resources Online