Chris Hose

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Chris Hose Christopher.hose_at_acma.gov.au
Geoff McMillen Geoff.mcmillen_at_acma.gov.au
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Satellite Basics, Filing Coordination
Introduction
Well discuss

• Satellite orbits

• Satellite services

• The satellite network filing and coordination
  process

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Orbit Types
Satellite Orbits
GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit
NGSO Non Geostationary Satellite Orbit
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Orbital Types
GSO
GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit

• Orbit located at an altitude of approximately 36
  000 km above the equator.

• Satellites appear stationary to an Earth bound
  observer.

• The most common orbit used for communications
  satellites.

• Position defined by its orbital (equatorial)
  longitude.

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Orbital Types
GSO orbit
GEO 36,0000km
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Orbital Types
NGSO
NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit

• NGSO satellites almost always orbit closer to the
  Earth than GSO satellites.
• NGSOs orbit with varying velocities dependent on
  the orbit height.

• Can be broken down into sub-categories

• LEO Low Earth Orbit

• MEO Medium Earth Orbit

• HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit

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Orbital Types
NGSO Orbit Types
MEO 10,000km
HEO 500 to 30,000 km
LEO 1,000km
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Orbital Types
OrbitTypes
MEO 10,000km
LEO 1,000km
HEO 500 to 30,000 km
GEO 36,0000km
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Satellite Services
Most Satellite Coordination issues involve
FSS -- Fixed-Satellite Service
BSS -- Broadcasting-Satellite Service
MSS -- Mobile-Satellite Service
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Satellite Services
Other services include
ISS - Inter-Satellite Service
RNSS - Radio Navigation Satellite Service
EESS - Earth Exploration-Satellite Service
SOS - Space Operation Service
RAS - Radio Astronomy Service
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Network Filing and Coordination

• What is coordination?
• An international (national) process of
  negotiation between administrations (operators)
  that enables mutually acceptable use of the
  orbital/spectrum resource.

• Why do we coordinate?
• The orbital/spectrum resource is finite.
• Required under international conventions to give
  all nations equitable access to the
  orbital/spectrum resource.

• How do we coordinate?
• Through the International Telecommunication Union
  (ITU) satellite network filing and coordination
  process.

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GSO SATELLITES
Non-GSO SATELLITES
TERRESTRIAL STATION
RECEIVING EARTH STATION
TRANSMITTING EARTH STATION
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Network Filing and Coordination
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Network Filing and Coordination
Difference between a satellite network and a
satellite.

• Satellite Network
• The regulatory entity (filing) that is filed and
  coordinated through the ITU.

• Satellite
• The actual satellite that is launched and
  operated.

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Network Filing and Coordination
A single physical satellite can operate under
multiple network filings.

• For example
• OPTUS C1 satellite to be launched at 156E
• AUSSAT C 156E FSS - Optus commercial payload
• AUSSAT C 156E GOV - ADF payload

Why have multiple filings on the one satellite?

• Can simplify coordination.
• Allows different operators to coordinate their
  own payload (as above).

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Network Filing and Coordination
ITU International Telecommunication Union
BR Radiocommunication Bureau

• Filing/Coordination procedure defined in
• Radio Regulations
• Rules of Procedure
• Circulars
• etc.

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International Goals

• The aim is to provide (amongst other things) for
  equitable and efficient access to the
  spectrum/orbit resource

Two mechanisms of access to orbit / spectrum
Coordination Approach Efficient use First come,
first served for actual requirements
Planning Approach Equitable access Plan for
future use
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Coordination Procedure First Come, First Served
Plan Procedure

• Right is acquired through coordination with
  administrations concerned by actual usage
• Efficient spectrum / orbit management
• Also referred to as the unplanned bands
• Most widely used procedure for gaining access to
  the spectrum/orbit resource

• Guarantee for equitable access to the spectrum /
  orbital resources
• Spectrum set aside for future use by all
  countries
• Predetermined orbital position frequency
  spectrum
• Plans exist for both BSS and FSS
• Generally less widely implemented than the
  unplanned bands.

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Network Filing and Coordination
BR Filing Process (Unplanned bands)
1. Advance Publication Information - API
2. Coordination Request - C Notice
3. Notification

• A different process applies for the Planned Bands.

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1. Advance Publication Information - API
Network Filing and Coordination
BR Filing Process

• Statement of intent to launch a space station
• Sets a reference starting date for a satellite
• No priority in being first to advance publish

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2. Coordination Request - C Notice
Network Filing and Coordination
BR Filing Process

• Operational parameters of network for proposed
  operation
• Used by administration to negotiate with other
  administrations.
• Determines precedence in unplanned bands.

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3. Notification
Network Filing and Coordination
BR Filing Process

• Final step
• Recording of final operational parameters in the
  Master Register
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BR Filing Process
Network Filing and Coordination
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