Biochemistry Review

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Biochemistry Review

• pg 24 - 74

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Carbohydrates

• C1 H2 O1 (in monomers)
• Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
• Functions energy, structure
• Starch, cellulose, glucose, glycogen, sucrose

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Lipids

• Contain C,H, and O (mostly)
• Triglycerides for example
• Glycerol, 3 fatty acids
• Stores more energy than carbs or proteins (9 vs.
  4 Calories)
• Saturated vs. Unsaturated
• Which one is healthier
• Functions Cell wall (phospho-), hormones, energy
  storage

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Proteins

• Monomer amino acid
• N-C-C-N-C-C
• Functions Enzymes, structures like muscle
  fibers, hair, nails
• Carboxyl end and amino end
• Peptide bond

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Functional Groups

• O
• O P O
• O
• Phosphate

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Isomers

• Structural isomer
• Variation in sequence of atoms
• Stereoisomer
• Same sequence but different 3D orientation
• Mirror image
• Geometric isomer
• Alternate arrangement across a double bond

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Nutrient Testing

• Benedicts monosaccharides (some di-), positive
  is green, red, orange, or yellow
• Iodine (Lugols) Starch, black or dark blue-ish
• Biuret Protein, violet
• Sudan IV Lipids, orange/pink
• Paper test Lipids, translucence

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Enzymes

• Catalyst lowers activation energy
• Enzyme-substrate complex, activation site
• Lock and Key vs. Induced Fit
• Temperature, pH, concentration of enzyme and
  substrate
• Competitive vs. Noncompetitive inhibition

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