Implementation of Benchmarking Guidelines and Continuous Professional Development (CPD) in Community Pharmacists

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IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (CPD) ON COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS
WONG WAI KEE1, CHUA SIEW SIANG1, LAM KAI
KUN2 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Malaya. 2Malaysian
Pharmaceutical Society.
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INTRODUCTION

• Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) is a lifelong
  learning process
• ? a passive uptake process
• CPD ? all activities that a pharmacist can do to
  maintain his/her competence to develop his/her
  professional capabilities
• ? active learning searching for opportunities
  to upgrade ones skills and knowledge.

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INTRODUCTION

• Continuous Professional Development (CPD)

Figure 1 The 4 steps cycle of CPD Source RPSGB
20031
1Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
2003, Plan and Record. Retrieved July 29, 2006,
from http//www.uptodate.org.uk/P
lanandRecord/Pharm_PandR/ Pharm_PandR_main.pdf
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INTRODUCTION

• Malaysia
• Medical doctors, dentists pharmacists are
  supposed to complete at least 30 CPD/CPE
• points annually
• Govt. sector part of annual evaluation
• Private sector still voluntary

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OBJECTIVES

• 1. To determine the extent CPs have participated
  in CPD.
• 2. To assess the number of CPD points that is
  acceptable by the CPs and the time frame for
• making CPD mandatory.
• 3. To identify CPD activities that community
  pharmacists will be interested to participate.

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METHODOLOGY
4 CPs
15 CPs
Phone follow-up via HQ of Chain
Figure 2 Flowchart of Methodology
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Table 1 Demographic Data of Respondents
Particular of respondents No. of respondents()
Gender (n370)
Female 212 (57.3)
Male 158 (42.7 )
Age (n363) 37.38.9
21 30 99 (27.3)
31 40 146 (40.2)
41 50 81 (22.3)
51 60 29 (8.0)
gt60 8 (2.2)
Yrs. as CPs (n362)
1 5 113 (31.2)
6 10 116 (32.0)
11 15 52 (14.4)
16 20 47 (13.0)
gt20 34 (9.4)
Types of employment (n369)
Self-employment/ Share Holder 203 (55.0)
Full time employee 160 (43.4 )
Part time/ Locum 6 (1.6 )
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Mandatory CPD

• 91.9 were aware that CPD has been introduced
• 93.8 agreed that CPD helps to ensure CPs are in
  touch with current therapy2
• 12.4 knew their CPD points for 2005
• Mean pointsSD 11.7 13.2 / Median 8.5
• 72.8 felt 30 CPD points/year was difficult to
  achieve
• 32.6 lt 2 years
• 74.4 lt 5 years

• supported mandatory CPD

2Swainson Silcock (2004) Pharm J 272290-3
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(No Transcript)
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Table 2 Support for mandatory CPD
Factors CPD mandatory lt2 years () Total Total p value
Factors Agreed Total Total p value
Age (n349) Age (n349) Age (n349) Age (n349) Age (n349)
21 30 39 (41.5) 39 (41.5) 94 0.010
31 40 46 (32.6) 46 (32.6) 141 0.010
41 50 27(35.1) 27(35.1) 77 0.010
gt50 4 (10.8) 4 (10.8) 37 0.010
Gender (n355) Gender (n355) Gender (n355) Gender (n355) Gender (n355)
Female 75 (37.7) 75 (37.7) 199 0.016
Male 40 (25.6) 40 (25.6) 156 0.016
Yrs. as CPs (n348) Yrs. as CPs (n348) Yrs. as CPs (n348) Yrs. as CPs (n348) Yrs. as CPs (n348)
1 10 years 82 (37.3) 82 (37.3) 220 0.019
gt10 years 32 (25.0) 32 (25.0) 128 0.019

• Gender, age yrs of practice ? correlated with
  attitude towards CPD.
• Older pharmacists were less likely to support
  mandatory CPD.

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Table 2 Support for mandatory CPD
Factors CPD mandatory lt2 years () CPD mandatory lt2 years () Total Total p value
Factors Agreed Agreed Total Total p value
Types and Ownership (n 355) Types and Ownership (n 355) Types and Ownership (n 355) Types and Ownership (n 355) Types and Ownership (n 355) Types and Ownership (n 355)
I, by non-pharmacists I, by non-pharmacists 21(36.8) 21(36.8) 57 0.004
I, by pharmacists I, by pharmacists 56(26.4) 56(26.4) 212 0.004
C, by a group of pharmacists C, by a group of pharmacists 6 (30.0) 6 (30.0) 20 0.004
C, by corporate body C, by corporate body 33 (50.0) 33 (50.0) 66 0.004
Type of employment (n354) Type of employment (n354) Type of employment (n354) Type of employment (n354) Type of employment (n354) Type of employment (n354)
Self-employed 50 (25.8) 50 (25.8) 50 (25.8) 194 0.004
Employees 64 (40.0) 64 (40.0) 64 (40.0) 160 0.004

• Female pharmacists between 21 to 30 years old,
  with shorter
• working experience and employed by large
  corporate bodies were
• more likely to support mandatory CPD.
• Similar results were obtained by Mottram et al.
  (2002)4

4Mottram et al. (2002) Pharma J 269 618-22.
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?
? Similar to a study in Nottingham by Attewell
et al. (2005)5
5Attewell, Blenkinsopp Black (2005) Pharm J
271 519-24
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Limitations of the Study

• Low response rate (29.2)
• ? respondents may be a sub-group who are more
• concerned about the pharmacy profession
• Mail questionnaire ? low response rate but
• reaches a wider area with minimum resources
• No official list of community pharmacists in
  Msia

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Conclusions

• CPD points achieved by the respondents were much
  lower than the required 30 points per year.
• Mandatory CPD in 2 years time should only be
  considered if more CPD activities are defined and
  made available.
• Activities that can be incorporated into the
  working routine of CPs are preferred.
• Self-study packages can also be developed to
  reach CPs outside the major cities.

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Acknowledgements

• Special thanks to Ms Fung Lee Jean, Ms Jennifer
  Tan, Ms Yip Sook Ying and Ms Wong Hooi Fen for
  their feedback on the questionnaire.
• Many thanks to the Malaysian Pharmaceutical
  Society for all the assistance rendered.
• Our greatest appreciation to ALL the Community
  Pharmacists who have spent their valuable time to
  fill the questionnaire.

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THANK YOU