Stage One

1
Stage One Life of Jesus
1st century

• Jewish Sects
• Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots,
  Sicarii, Christians
• Messiahs and Prophets

2
Stage One Life of Jesus
1st century

• Jesus of Nazareth
• born 4 BCE
• Galilee

3
Passion
1st century

• Passion Trial and Death of Jesus
• Pesach in Jerusalem
• Crucifixion by Romans

4
Passion
1st century

• Passion Trial and Death of Jesus
• Pesach in Jerusalem
• Crucifixion by Romans

5
Stage Two Paul
1st century

• Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
• Saul
• A Pharisee
• From Tarsus
• Diaspora Judaism
• Damascus

6
Stage Two Paul
1st century

• 40-55 CE
• Greece and Asia Minor (modern Turkey)
• Pauline Christianity Greco-Roman religion
• No circumcision
• No food restrictions (kashrut)

7
Christianities
2nd century

• Gnostics
• Jesus only appeared to be human
• docetic
• Marcion
• Demiurges (evil) were behind creation, Judaism,
  and the Hebrew Bible
• rejected Gospel of Matthew from his canon
• Orthodoxy and Heresy

8
Imperial Christianity
3rd century

• Christianity as minority group
• Persecution
• Constantine

9
Imperial Christianity
4th century

• Roman emperor 306-37 CE
• conquer in this sign
• Christians with armies and power

10
Imperial Christianity
4th century

• Edict of Milan, 313 CE
• Effects of Edict of Milan
• Stability across the empire
• Christianity grows exponentially
• Combination of church and state
• Political Christianity

11
Debates and Creeds
4th century

• 4th c.
• Arius, from Alexandria
• believed Jesus was not eternal but created
• Jesus was homoi-ousion similar substance to God

12
Debates and Creeds
4th century

• Athanasius, from Alexandria
• co-eternity between God the Father and Jesus the
  Son.
• Jesus was homo-ousion one being of the same
  substance as God

13
Debates and Creeds
4th century

• Nicea (325 CE)
• Nicene creed establishes the concept of the
  Trinity
• co-equal Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

14
Nicea
4th century

• We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only
  Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God
  from God, light from light, true God from true
  God, begotten, not made, of one Being
  (homo-ousion) with the Father

15
After Nicea. . .
5th century

• If Jesus is co-equal with God, what does that
  make Mary?
• Bishop of Alexandria
• Mary was the Mother of God
• Theotokos bearer of God

16
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• Bishop of Constantinople
• Mary was the Mother of Christ
• Christotokos bearer of Christ
• leads to the theological development of the
  Immaculate Conception in 1854.

17
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• What was the relationship between the human and
  divine aspects of Christ?

Nestorius - Christ had two persons human and
divine - Only the human part was born in human
fashion
18
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• Monophysites
• the human element of Jesus was completely
  swallowed up into the divine one
• Jesus had one nature mono physis.

19
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• Council of Chalcedon, 451
• compromise between Rome and Constantinople
• Jesus was one person (the mono) but with both
  human and divine natures in him.

20
Crusades

• 637 CE fall of Jerusalem to Umar
• 1010 CE Church of the Holy Sepulcher burned
  down by a Muslim caliph
• 1071 CE Turkish Muslims persecute Christians in
  Jerusalem

21
Crusades
11th century

• 1095 CE First of many Crusades

• 1099 CE Crusaders win back Jerusalem
• Theyll lose it again in 1187 to Muslims
• Will change hands several more times in the 1200s

22
East-West Split
11th century

• catholic universal
• Rome exercising more control, assuming central
  authority
• 1054 CE official split of Bishop of
  Constantinople from Bishop of Rome
• Bishop of Rome the Pope
• Creation of Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman
  Catholicism

23
The Filioque Clause

• From
• And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and
  Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father
• to
• And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and
  giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and
  the Son

24
Eastern Orthodoxy
9th century

• Cyril (826-69 CE)
• vernacular
• new alphabet based on Greek letters
• Cyrillic Alphabet Russian

25
Eastern Orthodoxy
7th century

• 7th c. debate
• Iconoclasts vs Iconodules

26
Further Division
15th century

• Massive social change in Europe
• Urbanization
• Literacy
• Growth of vernacular languages
• Printing press (1456)

27
Martin Luther (1483-1546 CE)

• Corruption in Rome
• Exploitation of Northern European churches
• Indulgences
• 95 Theses of Luther (1517 CE)
• Wittenburg
• Direct challenge and refutation of many Catholic
  ideas

28
Diet of Worms
15th century

• Charges (1521 CE)
• Excommunication
• Political subversion
• Excommunication Placing one outside the
  community of believers

29
Luthers Radical Ideas
15th century

• Sola fide / Sola gratia
• by faith alone / By grace alone
• Humans can do nothing to effect salvation
• Sola scriptura
• By scripture alone
• All practice and belief must be found in
  scripture
• Jewish Karaites
• Christian Lutherans
• Muslim Wahhabis

30
Effects of Luthers Protest - 1
16th century

• Protestant Reformation

31
Effects of Luthers Protest - 2
16th -19th century

• Local authority multiple splintering
• Calvin / Calvinism
• Presbyterianism
• Anabaptists
• Mennonites
• Puritans
• Quakers
• Baptists

32
Effects of Luthers Protest - 3
16th century

• Council of Trent 1545-63
• Counter Reformation
• Too little too late for reconciliation

33
Anglicanism

• Henry VIIIKing of England
• Church of England
• 1534 CE
• Episcopaleans

34
Modern Catholicism
20th century

• Vatican II 1962-65
• Modernisation of some Catholic practices, not
  others
• Ecumenical
• Traditionalists