Civics Core 100, Goal 1

1
Civics Core 100, Goal 1

• Goal 1 The learner will investigate the
  foundations of the American political system and
  explore basic values and principles of American
  democracy.

2
Colonial Regional Differences
3
THREE REGIONS OF COLONIES

• NEW ENGLAND
• MIDDLE
• SOUTHERN

4
New England
5
New England Colonies

• Religious freedom sought
• Hilly, rocky soil
• Shipbuilding and trade
• Puritans, pilgrims

New England Colonies Blue
6
Middle Colonies
7
Middle Colonies

• Bread basket colonies
• Farmers wheat and other cash crops
• Busy ports (New York and Philadelphia) because of
  foreign trade
• Industries sawmills, mines, ironworks
• Quakers(peace loving peoples) in Philadelphia

Middle Colonies Yellow
8
Southern Colonies
9
Southern Colonies

• Warm climate and long growing season
  large-scale agriculture (tobacco)
• Rice, indigo, and grain -Cash crops
• Dependent on slave labor

Southern Colonies Pink
10
mercantilism
11
Mercantilism

• Great Britains policy toward the American
  Colonies under George III around 1760.
• Theory that a countrys power depends on its
  wealth
• Sell more goods to other countries than it buys
• Favorable balance of trade more exports, fewer
  imports
• EXPORTS gtIMPORTS

12
Triangular Trade
13
Triangular Trade

• Brought African Slaves to America through three
  part process
• From molasses to rum to slaves
• From southern America, from New England, from
  Africa

14
Triangular Trade
Trip from Africa to Americas known as Middle
Passage
15
Mayflower Compact
16
Mayflower Compact

• Precedent for Direct Democracy and
  Self-Government Every citizen is involved
• town meetings to discuss and vote on issues of
  the town
• Created by Pilgrims on arrival from England
• Begins New World tradition of self-rule

17
House of Burgesses
18
House of Burgesses

• In 1619 in Jamestown, Va.
• 1st representative assembly
• beginning of self-government in the colonies

19
Long-Term Causes of the American Revolution
20
Long-Term Causes of the American Revolution

• Taxation without Representation
• The colonies had no representatives to
  Parliament.
• Stamp Act of 1765 colonists must attach
  expensive stamps to all newspapers and legal
  documents
• Mercantilism
• Policy of Britain wanting to export more than
  import
• Requires colonies to trade solely with Britain
  and provide resources.
• Salutary Neglect
• Colonies had gotten use to governing themselves
  with little interference from England.
• This changes after the French-Indian War.
• Tradition of Self-government
• Stamp Act Congress Oct 1765, 9 of 13 colonies
  sent representatives to the Stamp Act Congress in
  NYC
• 1st time majority of colonies join together to
  oppose British rule
• British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act

21
Short-Term Causes of the American Revolution
22
Short-Term Causes of the American Revolution

• Declaratory Act of 1766 Parliament had right to
  tax and make decisions for the American colonies
  in all cases
• Townshend Acts legalize the use of writs of
  assistance to assist customs officers in
  arresting smugglers
• General search warrants
• Enter any location to look for evidence of
  smuggling
• March 5, 1770 Boston Massacre British soldiers
  fired into a crowd, killing 5
• Thomas Paines Common Sense
• Protests and Boycotts of British Policy
• Sons of Liberty
• Committees of Correspondence

23
Short Term Causes of the American Revolution
continued

• No taxation without representation!
• 6. Tea Act British East India Company gets the
  right to ship tea to the colonies without paying
  most of the taxes usually placed on tea
• Their tea is cheaper than any other tea in the
  colonies
• Boston Tea Party Dec. 1773, group of angry
  colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 342
  chests of British tea into the Boston Harbor
• 7. Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts response of
  Britain to the Boston Tea Party
• restricted the colonists civil rights, including
  right to a trial by jury
• Closed Boston Harbor
• Placed Soldiers within Boston to control the port

24
Republic
25
Republic

• REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
• FORM OF GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
• OFFICIALS ELECTED BY THE POPULACE RUN THE
  GOVERNMENT FOR THE PEOPLE
• System of limited government
• The people are the ultimate source of power

26
Representative Democracy
27
Representative Democracy

• Citizens choose smaller group to represent them,
  make laws, and govern on their behalf
• What Form of Govt do we have?
• Representative Democracy
• U.S. is the oldest Representative Democracy in
  the world

28
Purpose of Government
29
Purpose of Government

• PEPP
• Provide Laws
• Enforce Laws
• Provide Services
• Plan for the Future

30
Declaration of Independence
31
Declaration of Independence

• AUTHORE Thomas Jefferson
• INFLUENCES
• Enlightenment ideas
• Social Contract Theory of John Locke
• John Lockes Natural Rights-Life, liberty and
  property
• Jean Jacques Rousseaus All Men are created
  equal
• Approved by the 2nd Continental Congress on July
  4, 1776
• Included
• long list of abuses by King George III and called
  him a tyrant
• Also included the purpose of government (to
  protect the rights of the people)

32
Social Contract Theory
33
Social Contract Theory

• Agreement between the government and the
  governed the government and the people
• Contract states that the people will follow the
  rules of the government so long as the government
  looks out for their best interest. When the
  government stops looking out for the people, the
  people have a right to abolish the government.
• People agree to give up part of their freedom to
  a government in exchange for protection of
  natural rights

34
Social Contract within Declaration of Independence

• That to secure these rights, Governments are
  instituted among Men, deriving their just powers
  from the consent of the governed, --That whenever
  any Form of Government becomes destructive of
  these ends, it is the Right of the People to
  alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
  Government,

35
Constitutional Convention
36
Constitutional Convention

• 1787 in Philadelphia
• Purpose To Revise the Articles of Confederation
  which werent working
• 12 of 13 states attended Rhode Island didnt
• Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
• Federalists wanted to strengthen the national
  government
• Anti-Federalists wanted states and people to
  maintain the power

37
Compromises
38
The Great Compromise

• The two plans
• Virginia Plan representation based on states
  population
• New Jersey Plan Equal representation
• The Great Compromise(Connecticut Compromise)
• 2 house legislature-bicameral
• Senate based on equal representation(2 per state)
• House of Representatives based based on states
  population as determined by census every 10 years

39
The Three-Fifths Compromise

• Delegates agreed that every 5 enslaved persons
  would count as 3 free people
• 3/5 of the slave population in each state would
  be used in determining representation in Congress
  and for taxing purposes as well

40
Articles of Confederation
41
Articles of Confederation

• Our first national government in the United
  States
• It DID NOT WORK

WEAKNESS RESULT
No executive Couldnt enforce laws
No judiciary Couldnt settle disputes
9 of 13 to pass laws Difficult to pass legislation

42
First Political Parties
43
First Political Parties
Democratic-Republicans Federalists
Thomas Jefferson Strong support in the South and West People and states should retain as many rights as possible Strict construction of the Constitution to limit the powers of the federal government Members were made up of farmers, frontier settlers, small shopkeepers, and laborers. Todays Democratic party is a descendant of this party Alexander Hamilton Strong support in New England Fearful of placing too much power in the hands of the peopletyrannical majority Favored a strong national government and believed in a loose construction of the Constitution to broaden the powers of the federal government Believed that Americans future depended upon the development of a balanced and diversified economy Well-to-do merchants, bankers, and manufacturers