Plagiarism Avoid it like the Plague!

1
PlagiarismAvoid it like the Plague!

• Dr. Lawrence J. Marks
• Kent State University
• Department of Marketing
• http//www.personal.kent.edu/lmarks/ethics/Plagia
  rism.ppt

2
Your Cheating Heart

• According to KSUs Administrative policy
  regarding student cheating and plagiarism
  (Policy 3-01.8)
• "Cheat" means intentionally to misrepresent the
  source, nature, or other conditions of academic
  work so as to accrue undeserved credit, or to
  cooperate with someone else in such
  misrepresentation. Such misrepresentations may,
  but need not necessarily, involve the work of
  others.

3
Cheating Examples Include (but are not limited
to)

• (a) Obtaining or retaining partial or whole
  copies of examination, tests or quizzes before
  these are distributed for student use
•  
• (b) Using notes, textbooks or other information
  in examinations, tests and quizzes, except as
  expressly permitted
•  
• (c) Obtaining confidential information about
  examinations, tests or quizzes other than that
  released by the instructor
•  
• (d) Securing, giving or exchanging information
  during examinations
•  
• (e) Presenting data or other material gathered
  by another person or group as one's own
•  
• (f) Falsifying experimental data or information

4
Cheating Examples Include

• (g) Having another person take one's place for
  any academic performance without the specific
  knowledge and permission of the instructor
•  
• (h) Cooperating with another to do one or more
  of the above and
•  
• (i) Using a substantial portion of a piece of
  work previously submitted for another course or
  program to meet the requirements of the present
  course or program without notifying the
  instructor to whom the work is presented.
•  
• (j) Presenting falsified information in order to
  postpone or avoid examinations, tests, quizzes,
  or other academic work.

5
and "Plagiarize"

• "Plagiarize" means to take and present as one's
  own a material portion of the ideas or words of
  another or to present as one's own an idea or
  work derived from an existing source without full
  and proper credit to the source of the ideas,
  words, or works.

6
All of the following are considered plagiarism

• turning in someone else's work as your own
• copying words or ideas from someone else without
  giving credit
• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
• giving incorrect information about the source of
  a quotation
• changing words but copying the sentence structure
  of a source without giving credit
• copying so many words or ideas from a source that
  it makes up the majority of your work, whether
  you give credit or not (see our section on "fair
  use" rules)
• Source http//www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/
  what-is-plagiarism

7
Cheating and Plagiarism are Common

• Not only is cheating significantly up, Mr.
  McCabe has found, but many students do not
  consider it a big deal, saying it was just a
  modern fact of life. His 2003 studyof 16,000
  undergraduates at 23 colleges and universities
  found that 38 percent had taken material from the
  Internet and passed it off as their own.
  Forty-four percent of all the students surveyed
  said it was no big deal. In a 2000 survey only 10
  percent of students admitted to Internet
  cheating.
• Source The New York Times, October 4, 2003,
  Section B Column 5, page 7

8
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN COLLEGE AND GRADUATE SCHOOL

• A survey of over 63,700 US undergraduate and
  9,250 graduate studentsrevealed the following
• 36 of undergraduates and 24 of graduate
  students admit to paraphrasing/copying few
  sentences from an Internet source without
  footnoting it.
• 38 of undergraduates and 25 of graduate
  students admit to paraphrasing/copying few
  sentences from a written source without
  footnoting it.
• 14 of undergraduate students and 7 of graduate
  students admit to fabricating/falsifying a
  bibliography
• 7 of undergraduate students and 4 of graduate
  students self report copying materials almost
  word for word from a written source without
  citation.
• 7 undergraduate students and 3 of graduate
  students self report turning in work done by
  another.
• 3 undergraduate students and 2 of graduate
  students self report obtaining paper from term
  paper mill.
• AND THESE NUMBERS ARE LIKELY LOW COUNTS!

Source http//www.plagiarism.org/resources/facts
-and-stats and http//ojs.ml.unisa.edu.au/index.ph
p/IJEI/article/view/14
9
Our View Plagiarizers should learn now, Written
by DKS EditorsThursday, 06 September 2012

• As professors introduced us to their classes last
  week, many of us casually flipped through the
  syllabi while they brushed over the universitys
  academic honesty policy that theyre required to
  include. In a digital age that makes plagiarism
  so easy, they expect us to understand the
  consequences.
• Unfortunately, a lot of students dont.
  Plagiarism is more than copying word-for-word
  the crime includes using similar sentence
  structure or misusing citations rules that many
  students have forgotten or may have never
  learned.
• Through its new plagiarism school, the university
  is giving those students a second chance, and we
  applaud the initiative. If a student truly
  doesnt understand what he or she did wrong, that
  student should have the opportunity to learn. On
  the second offense, full punishment is fair game.
• We dont wish to minimize the seriousness of
  plagiarism its a crime that has ruined careers
  of journalists who have tainted the integrity of
  the field. But those who dont understand their
  misconduct should learn the rules in an academic
  setting before the consequences cost them their
  career.
• The above editorial is the consensus opinion of
  the Daily Kent Stater editorial board.

Read more at http//kentwired.com/our-view-plagia
rizers-should-learn-now/
10
If it is so common, why avoid it?

• A. It is WRONG and may be ILLEGAL as well, and
• B. The penalties for cheating and plagiarism can
  be severe. At KSU, an instructor can
• (i) Refuse to accept the work for credit or
• (ii) Assign a grade of "F" or zero for the
  project, test, paper, examination or other work
  in which the cheating or plagiarism took place
  or
• (iii) Assign a grade of "F" for the course in
  which the cheating or plagiarism took place
  and/or
• (iv) Recommend further action be taken
  including dismissal, suspension, and probation
• Sourcehttp//www.kent.edu/policyreg/policydetails
  .cfm?customel_datapageid_19765292037779
• at work, you could lose your job!

11
Types of plagiarism

• The 10 most common types of plagiarism, in order
  of severity of intent.
• 1. CLONE -- Submitting someone elses work,
  word-for-word, as your own.
• 2. CTRL-C -- Contains significant portions of
  text from a single source without alterations.
• 3. FIND REPLACE -- Changing key words and
  phrases but retaining the essential content of
  the source.
• 4. REMIX -- Paraphrases from multiple sources,
  made to fit together.
• 5. RECYCLE -- Borrows generously from the
  writers previous work without citation.

http//plagiarism.org/learning_center/types_of_pla
giarism.html
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Types of plagiarism

• The 10 most common types of plagiarism, in order
  of severity of intent.
• 6. HYBRID -- Combines perfectly cited sources
  with copied passages without citation.
• 7. MASHUP -- Mixes copied material from multiple
  sources.
• 8. 404 ERROR -- Includes citations to
  non-existent or inaccurate information about
  sources.
• 9. AGGREGATOR -- Includes proper citation to
  sources but the paper contains almost no original
  work.
• 10. RE-TWEET -- Includes proper citation, but
  relies too closely on the texts original wording
  and/or structure

http//plagiarism.org/learning_center/types_of_pla
giarism.html and turnitins White Paper The
Plagiarism Spectrum
13
Avoiding Plagiarism

• Make sure you understand the expectations clear
• What IS plagiarism?
• Why is it bad?
• What are the penalties for it?
• Check your syllabus

14
Avoiding Plagiarism

• Techniques for Avoiding Plagiarism
• In academic writing you must show that you have
  read and understood the recommended books and any
  other relevant reading BUT not by copying what
  they say. The ideas are owned by the writer.
  Copying in a way that makes the ideas appear to
  be your own is plagiarism.
• There are two things you can do to avoid being
  accused of plagiarism
• Technique 1  Paraphrasing (re-writing in your
  own words) Technique 2  Follow the rules when
  copying directly from a text or any other source
  (e.g., the internet).  

Used with permission from http//www4.caes.hku.hk/
plagiarism/techniques.htm
15
Avoiding Plagiarism

• Technique 1  Paraphrasing (re-writing in your
  own words)
• Books and articles should be used as a source of
  information from which you write, in your own
  words, what you believe are the important points.
  You must acknowledge your sources of information
  (see below). In the parts of your writing that
  rely on source texts for information,
  paraphrasing should be used the most.
• As well as stating the important points you
  should also explain the points, compare and
  contrast the views of different authors you have
  read, and add your own comments on the topic
  under discussion.
• By doing these things you go beyond merely
  repeating the information which you have found.
  This is what makes a good assignment.
• Repeating information shows only that the
  information has been read and possibly memorized.
  
• The addition of explanations, comparisons,
  contrasts and comments is better because it shows
  that the information has been read, analyzed and
  understood. A teacher who is marking an
  assignment is sure to give higher marks for such
  a display of knowledge and understanding.

Used with permission from http//www4.caes.hku.hk/
plagiarism/Techniques_1.htm
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Avoiding Plagiarism

• Technique 2  Follow the rules when copying
  directly from a text
• There are times when you can quote directly from
  your source material. However, you must follow
  certain rules.
• Direct copying of part of a passage (e.g. a whole
  paragraph) must occur rarely in your writing and
  once copied should not represent a large
  proportion of your own text. It should be clearly
  distinguished from the rest of your text in a way
  which makes it clear that it is a quotation.
• Very short parts of a source text (e.g. part of a
  sentence) can be copied when needed. However, the
  words that you have copied must be immediately
  obvious to your reader. You must also take care
  not to change any of the words.
• The exact source of your quotation must be
  acknowledged. This must be done in a way which
  shows clearly how much is copied (see following).
  
• Examples of when you might want to copy directly
  are
• when the exact words are relevant to your
  argument/discussion
• when something is expressed in a way which is
  unique
• when re-writing would cause a loss of impact
•  

Used with permission from http//www4.caes.hku.hk/
plagiarism/Techniques_2.htm
17
Avoiding Plagiarism

• Showing What is Copied
• To avoid accusations of plagiarism you must
  show exactly which parts of your writing have
  been copied from other texts. You must,
  therefore, mark the beginning and ending of the
  quotation. (Gardner 1994, p. 108)
• OR
• For longer passages, you can INDENT the
  sentences or
• paragraph to offset them from the rest of
  your original work. (Gardner 1994, p. 108)
•  

Used with permission from http//www4.caes.hku.hk/
plagiarism/Techniques_2.htm
18
Avoiding Plagiarism

• Acknowledging Your Source
• There are different methods for acknowledging
  sources. Ask your teacher which method is
  preferred. If this is not possible, use the
  method which you see most often in the materials
  that you are reading for your study. Once you
  have chosen a method it is important to remain
  consistent.
• Using footnotes or endnotes
• Place a small number (usually slightly higher
  than the word it follows) in the text and list
  your sources by number either at the foot of the
  page or the end of the text. The numbers must run
  consecutively through the text.
• Reference in the text
• In the text you acknowledge a source by giving
  the author's family name and the date of
  publication. Readers can then check this in a
  references list at the end of your writing which
  contains the full publication information.
•  

Used with permission from http//www4.caes.hku.hk/
plagiarism/acknowledging.htm
19
Avoiding Plagiarism

• Acknowledging Your Source
• Reference using the in-the-text example
• Provide the author and the date (and or page) in
  your writing
• Gardner (1994) says that what turns good
  teaching material into good learning material is
  what teachers do with it.
• Then, an item in the reference list at the end of
  your writing
• References
• Gardner, D. 1994 'Creating simple interactive
  video for self-access' in D. Gardner. and L.
  Miller (Eds.) Directions in Self-Access Language
  Learning. Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press
•  

Used with permission from http//www4.caes.hku.hk/
plagiarism/acknowledging.htm
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What about common knowledge?

• Common knowledge includes facts that can be found
  in numerous places and are likely to be known by
  a lot of people.
• Example 1 The earth is round.
• Example 2 John F. Kennedy was elected President
  of the United States in 1960.
• This is generally known information. 
• You do not need to document these facts.

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What about common knowledge?

• However, you must document facts that are not
  generally known and ideas that interpret facts.
• Example 1 There are 57,491,000 square miles of
  land on the Earth, which is 36,794,240,000 acres.
• This factual knowledge is most certainly not
  commonly known. You got this information from
  some specific source and you must cite that
  source (e.g., http//wiki.answers.com/Q/How_many_a
  cres_of_land_does_Earth_have)
• Example 2 According the American Family Leave
  Coalitions new book, Family Issues and Congress,
  President Bushs relationship with Congress has
  hindered family leave legislation (6).
• The idea that Bushs relationship with Congress
  has hindered family leave legislation is not a
  fact but an interpretation based on someone
  elses assessment consequently, you need to cite
  your source.

22
Citation Style Examples

• APA Citation Style Examples
• http//www.library.cornell.edu/node/147
• Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide
• http//www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citation
  guide.html

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APA Citation Style

• Works by multiple authors
• When a work has two authors, always cite both
  names every time the reference occurs in the
  text. In parenthetical material join the names
  with an ampersand () .as has been shown
  (Leiter Maslach, 1998)
• In the narrative text, join the names with the
  word "and . as Leiter and Maslach (1998)
  demonstrated
• When a work has three, four, or five authors,
  cite all authors the first time the reference
  occurs .Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991)
  found
• In all subsequent citations per paragraph,
  include only the surname of the first author
  followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others") and
  the year of publication Kahneman et al. (1991)
  found

Read more at http//www.library.cornell.edu/node
/147
24
APA Citation Style

• Works by associations, corporations, government
  agencies, etc.
• The names of groups that serve as authors
  (corporate authors) are usually written out each
  time they appear in a text reference
  ,,,(National Institute of Mental Health NIMH,
  2007)
• When appropriate, the names of some corporate
  authors are spelled out in the first reference
  and abbreviated in all subsequent citations. The
  general rule for abbreviating in this manner is
  to supply enough information in the text citation
  for a reader to locate its source in the
  Reference List without difficulty (NIMH, 2007)

Read more at http//www.library.cornell.edu/node
/147
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APA Citation Style

• Works with no author
• When a work has no author, use the first two or
  three words of the work's title (omitting any
  initial articles) as your text reference,
  capitalizing each word. Place the title in
  quotation marks if it refers to an article,
  chapter of a book, or Web page. Italicize the
  title if it refers to a book, periodical,
  brochure, or report .on climate change
  ("Climate and Weather," 1997)
• or Guide to Agricultural Meteorological
  Practices (1981)
• Anonymous authors should be listed as such
  followed by a comma and the date on climate
  change (Anonymous, 2008)

Read more at http//www.library.cornell.edu/node
/147
26
APA Citation Style

• Specific parts of a source
• To cite a specific part of a source (always
  necessary for quotations), include the page,
  chapter, etc. (with appropriate abbreviations) in
  the in-text citation (Stigter Das, 1981, p.
  96)
• or
• De Waal (1996) overstated the case when he
  asserted that "we seem to be reaching ... from
  the hands of philosophers" (p. 218).
• If page numbers are not included in electronic
  sources (such as Web-based journals), provide the
  paragraph number preceded by the abbreviation
  "para." or the heading and following paragraph
  (Mönnich Spiering, 2008, para. 9)

Read more at http//www.library.cornell.edu/node
/147
27
APA Citation Style

• Reference List References cited in the text of
  a research paper must appear in a Reference List
  or bibliography. This list provides the
  information necessary to identify and retrieve
  each source.
• Order Entries should be arranged in alphabetical
  order by authors' last names. Sources without
  authors are arranged alphabetically by title
  within the same list.
• Authors Write out the last name and initials for
  all authors of a particular work. Use an
  ampersand () instead of the word "and" when
  listing multiple authors of a single work. e.g.
  Smith, J. D., Jones, M.
• Titles Capitalize only the first word of a title
  or subtitle, and any proper names that are part
  of a title.
• Pagination Use the abbreviation p. or pp. to
  designate page numbers of articles from
  periodicals that do not use volume numbers,
  especially newspapers. These abbreviations are
  also used to designate pages in encyclopedia
  articles and chapters from edited books.
• Indentation The first line of the entry is
  flush with the left margin, and all subsequent
  lines are indented (5 to 7 spaces) to form a
  "hanging indent".
• Underlining vs. Italics It is appropriate to
  use italics instead of underlining for titles of
  books and journals.

Read more at http//www.library.cornell.edu/node
/147
28
APA Citation Style

• Reference Examples http//www.library.cornell.edu
  /node/147

Read more at http//www.library.cornell.edu/node
/147
29
Citation/style guides available online

• The Chicago Manual of Style Online. 16th ed.
   Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide
• Citation Management Help Maintained by
  the Documentation Committee. Includes citation
  examples in MLA style and APA style as well a
  link to The Chicago Manual of Style and
  the Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide.
• Duke University Libraries' Documentation page
  shows APA, Chicago, MLA, Turabian, and
  CSE examples side by side
• Quick Style Guide for Students Writing Sociology
  Papers from the American Sociological
  Association
• Citing References to Documents Found in
  LexisNexisSample MLA, APA, and Chicago citations
  are shown for document types found in LexisNexis
  databases.
• Citing Records in the National Archives of the
  United States.
• Citation styles in the life and physical
  sciences
• American Chemical Society (ACS) style from the
  Williams College Library
• Council of Biology Editors (CBE)/Council of
  Science Editors (CSE) style from the University
  of North Carolina Libraries

Source Olin Uris Libraries, Cornell
University -- http//olinuris.library.cornell.edu/
ref/bibcitations.html
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KSU Library Citation Tools Page http//libguides.l
ibrary.kent.edu/content.php?pid357387sid2945734

• KSU Library APA Style Resources
• http//libguides.library.kent.edu/content.php?pid
  357387sid2932715
•  APA Cheat Sheet
• This is a basic APA handout that gives examples
  of books, articles and web resources. It has been
  updated to reflect the changes of the 6th
  edition.
• APA Libguide
• This LibGuide provides information on how to
  create citations in APA format. Explanations are
  provided along with examples.
• APA Style
• From the American Psychological Association. This
  site is a guide to the revised and updated sixth
  edition of the Publication Manual of the American
  Psychological Association. This link goes
  directly to frequently asked questions about APA
  citations and style.
• APA Style-Including 2007 Electronic References
• From Northern Michigan University, this site
  provides examples of APA citations, including
  citations of electronic materials using the newly
  revised APA style guidelines.
• APA Tutorial
• Tutorial introducing APA style from the
  University of Southern Mississippi Libraries.
  Includes information on formatting your paper,
  doing parenthetical or in-text references and
  creating a reference list.

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Dos and Donts for StudentsSource
http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshop
s/talkingplagy.htm

• Don'ts Don't cheat.
• Don't lie.
• Don't steal.
• Don't misrepresent others work as yours.
• Don't go to online and off line sources where
  term papers can be commissioned or bought or
  borrowed for ltwinkgtresearch purposes onlylt/winkgt.
  
• Don't make up fake sources.
• Don't make up fake quotes.
• Don't make up fake interviews.

32
Dos and Donts for StudentsSource
http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshop
s/talkingplagy.htm

• Don'ts Don't think that by copying something
  over and changing every couple of words that
  you've put it in your own words.
• Don't think that because something is on the Net
  it doesn't need to be cited.
• Don't think that because a lot of textbooks and
  other printed matter you read don't site sources
  that you don't have to cite them either.
• Don't think that because politicians have speech
  writers and actors have script writers who often
  go unacknowledged that you can get a writer to
  "secretary" your paper for you rules that apply
  in other settings are different here, where the
  purpose is for you to do the writing.

33
Dos and Donts for StudentsSource
http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshop
s/talkingplagy.htm

• Don'ts Don't go to the library, find a book that
  hasn't been checked out often, then find a source
  in its bibliography, and then copy that source
  into a paper as yours.
• Don't procrastinate on assignments and homework
  so that you end up under too much deadline
  pressure and become tempted to take shortcuts.
• Don't be afraid to come see me if you feel
  overwhelmed, unsure, fear missing a deadline, or
  start falling behind.
• Don't try to get around any of these Don'ts by
  working so hard to disguise them that you might
  as well have just done the Do's. 

34
Dos and Donts for StudentsSource
http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshop
s/talkingplagy.htm

• Dos
• Do share ideas with one another.
• Do help one another write.
• Do edit and rewrite sections of one another's
  papers from time to time writers do that kind of
  thing all the time, and editors do it with them.
• Do expect to make mistakes managing and citing
  sources.
• Do expect to correct them.
• Do take care in downloading sources and taking
  notes.
• Do find a way to use sources wisely and fairly.
• Do learn the myriad rhetorical purposes that
  including and citing sources can serve.

35
Dos and Donts for StudentsSource
http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshop
s/talkingplagy.htm

• Dos
• Do use the word processor to help you manage
  sources (for example, put sources you're quoting
  or paraphrasing in a different font and font
  color until the final draft so you don't
  accidentally forget they came from some other
  writer).
• Do have fun with sources, think of using them as
  weaving, building, playing with blocks, or any
  other metaphor that you associate with "taking
  what's at hand and making something of it."
• Do write before, while, and after you research,
  but especially before. Do discover an argument so
  you have a distinctive voice in your own essay,
  and aren't overwhelmed and intimidated by
  sources.
• Do come see me whenever you have a question
  about the course, are feeling overwhelmed, or
  unhappy with an assignment or your work we can
  talk and find a way to make things work.

36
Detecting Plagiarism

• If a professor suspects a student has
  plagiarized, it is easy enough to check on it.
  Profs can paste a suspect sentence into one of
  the search engines below. This will catch most
  papers downloaded off of the web.
• http//www.google.com/
• And/or Google Scholar
• http//www.metacrawler.com/
• Source http//www.canadacollege.edu/inside/acad_i
  ntegrity/HowtoPreventPlagiarsm.pdf

37
Detecting Plagiarism

• Inexpensive Software to detect plagiarism
• EVE Plagiarism Detection System
• http//www.canexus.com/
• WriteCheck Plagiarism check, grammar check,
  Tutoring
• https//www.writecheck.com/static/home.html
• Freeware Software to detect plagiarism
• WCopyfind
• http//plagiarism.phys.virginia.edu/Wsoftware.html
  
• KSU has a program called Safe Assign on
  Blackboard. Your professor may give you access
  to that.

38
Cheating and Plagiarism

• MY experiences and actions
• Undergraduate exam cheating
• Number exams, number scantron sheets, create two
  versions, intermix the versions, require students
  to show ID to obtain exam, check the name off of
  a class list of names
• Have students sit in a random seat and remove ALL
  objects from the desktop

39
Cheating and Plagiarism

• MY experiences and actions
• Undergraduate and MBA students sharing their
  work (to the extent that one is virtually copied
  from the other)
• Highlight the identical wording (after making
  sure that it is not, for example, copied from a
  common source like the textbook)
• Bring the students in and listen to their
  explanation
• Do something like assign the grade and then
  divide it by two (for example)

40
Cheating and Plagiarism

• MY experiences and actions
• Doctoral student plagiarized a paper from on
  line
• Doctoral student making up data for an experiment
• Doctoral students failing to use adequate and/or
  proper citations in their research papers

41
Cheating, Plagiarism, and YOU

• UNDERSTAND IT
• DONT DO IT!!!!!!!!!!!!
• BE SURE OTHERS DONT DO IT EITHER

42
Resources

• For an excellent review of the topic, browse
• http//ec.hku.hk/plagiarism/introduction.htm
• A good summary site
• http//www.montclair.edu/library/a-z-directory/fa
  culty-guide-to-student-plagiarism/
• Other
• http//www.edu-cyberpg.com/Teachers/plagiarism.ht
  ml
• http//plagiarism.phys.virginia.edu/
• http//www.kent.edu/writingcommons/resources/uplo
  ad/plagiarism.pdf
• http//www.kent.edu/academics/resources/plagiaris
  m/index.cfm
• http//libguides.library.kent.edu/plagiarism
• http//www.kent.edu/writingcommons/index.cfm

43
References

• Canada Academic integrity Committee, Tips for
  Preventing Plagiarism, 8/13/04,
  http//www.canadacollege.edu/inside/acad_integrity
  /HowtoPreventPlagiarsm.pdf
• Carbone, Nick, New Media Consultant Bedford/St.
  Martin's, Talking About Plagiarism A Syllabus
  Strategy for Talking About Plagiarism with
  Students
• EVE Plagiarism Detection System
  http//www.canexus.com/

44
References

• Gross Davis, Barbara, Tools for Teaching,
  http//teaching.berkeley.edu/bgd/prevent.html
• http//plagiarism.org/learning_center/what_is_plag
  iarism.html Document provided by Turnitin.com
  and Research Resources. Turnitin allows free
  distribution and non-profit use of this document
  in educational settings.
• http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshop
  s/talkingplagy.htm
• Kent State University Policy Register,
  http//www.kent.edu/policyreg/

45
References

• The New York Times
• U.S. News and World Report
• WCopyfind http//plagiarism.phys.virginia.edu/Wso
  ftware.html