Alternative Energy Sources

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Alternative Energy Sources

• Presented By
• Dr. Khaled Al-Qudah
• Tafila Technical University
• JORDAN

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Presentation outline

• Introduction
• Objectives
• Alternative Energy Sources
• Advantages and Disadvantages

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Introduction

• Energy is a fundamental requirement for the
  sustenance of life. It plays a key role in the
  development of the earth, which are termed
  collectively the biosphere.
• World population is expected to grow from 6
  billion in 2000 to about 8 billion by 2050. If
  growth continues at a current rate, sever
  problems in the sustainability of needed
  resources (e.g. energy) could become acute.
• The growth of energy consumption , the
  sustainability of energy supply , the long-term
  energy resources and the resulting environmental
  impact caused on global and local scale , all of
  which affect the quest for abundant energy.

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Population Growth by the year 2050
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Energy Consumed by the year 2020
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• The future energy development, providing for the
  world's future energy needs, currently faces
  great challenges. These include an increasing
  world population, demands for higher standards of
  living, a need for less pollution, a need to
  avert global warming, and a possible end to
  fossil fuels.
• How to cut down the amount of greenhouse gases
  that weve put into the atmosphere?
• How will we produce the energy that our growing
  economy needs and do it clean?
• How do we develop economical means of storing
  power from renewable energy sources?

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Objective

• The availability of alternative energy resources
  and the ability to access it are key issues
  facing the world community. Faced by needs in
  developing regions as well as rural portions of
  the developed world, these issues are truly a
  global problem. The global nature of these issues
  opens the door for the application of communal
  solutions that all nations could come together to
  support.
• Alternative Energy Energy Security

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• The objective also, to carry out an independent
  analysis and assessment of the implementation of
  alternative energy sources because, development
  of alternatives to traditional energy production
  has for many years held an attraction for those
  who want to move away from use of nonrenewable .

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Alternative Energy sources

• Oil Peak Energy Gap

Re-Distribution Efficiency Alternatives
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Situation

• World Energy Supply disintegrates
• Oil peak is here prices, conflict
• Losers are weak countries
• Most are not prepared
• Seek solution using more fossilsprivatization,
  gas, coal worsening the options

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Renewable Energy An integrated Solution

• Renewable Energy Option

Reservations towards RE Inertia of conventional
training, procedure, finance Knowledge is limited
on long-term impact Experience was not always
encouraging
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?
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Wind Energy

• Wind energy is one of the most cost-competitive
  renewable today. Its long-term technical
  potential is believed to be five times current
  global energy consumption,
• or 40 times current electricity demand.

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Advantages of Wind Energy

• 1- Suitable for less sunny regions. This creates
  the possibility of generating energy non-stop,
  during day and night.
• 2 - The generated wind energy can be used full
  time in residential or commercial applications
  combined with your regular power supply. It can
  also act as a back-up in case your residential
  supply line fails.
• 3- simple technology. There is nothing too
  complex, mechanically, in terms of designing and
  building wind turbines.
• 4- Cheap electricity.  Wind energy is relatively
  cheap as compared to other sources.
• 5- Safe, if properly maintained

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Disadvantages of Wind Energy

• Inconstant nature of the wind. it might be windy,
  or not. Who knows. Constructions companies try to
  place turbines in the most windy areas, even
  though at times, it still might not be as
  windy. Affects the bird population. Birds and
  other flying creatures have trouble seeing the
  turbines. Although special colouring patterns and
  slower moving blades have reduced this
  problem. Wind farms generate noise in quiet,
  rural sites. Construction companies tried to
  solve this by moving the turbines offshore (in
  the middle of a lake or a river

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Global leaders in Wind Energy Generation
Country ????Capacity, MW
Germany 14609
United States of America 6352
Spain 6202
Denmark 3115
India 2120
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Environmental Impact
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Wind Energy Cost
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????Energy Payback Period
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Installed Capacity in world
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Solar Energy

• The sun is the direct source of energy. Using
  renewable energy technologies can convert that
  solar energy into electricity. However, solar
  energy varies by location and by time of year.
  Solar resources are expressed in watt-hour per
  square meter per day (Wh/m2/day).

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Photovoltaic Technology

• A photovoltaic system takes advantage of the
• photoelectric effect to convert sunlight
  directly
• into electricity.

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Solar Energy - Advantages

• Clean, non-polluting. Renewable, endless
  supply that belongs to no one. Works best in
  the sunniest, often the poorest, parts of the
  world. Clean systems. Flexible and modular
  - systems can be resized. Safe.
• Simple and mature technology
• Relatively low initial cost
• Rebate in property tax to those using SWH.

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Solar Thermal Barriers

• Highly fragmented industry.
• Lack of awareness and adequate incentives to
  power grid operators.
• Not perceived as a standard option by planning
  people.
• Lack of awareness on energy savings and
  environment friendliness.
• Lack of technical expertise for integrating solar
  thermal processes.

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Solar Energy - Disadvantages

• Some research and development not funded.
  Electricity produced is more expensive. Cannot
  be used as the only system in cloudy places.
  Energy has to be stored in batteries,
  hydrogen, water or other matter.

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Commercially Available Solar
concentrators and flat plat collectors are both
used in each of the solar based technologies PV
and solar thermal. Largest usage of PV has been
in the off-grid market, which takes the advantage
of PVs ability to be a complete stand alone
electrical system.
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• Telecommunications
• transportation.
• Most of the off-grid market is due o remote
  locations and inaccessibility to the utility grid
  of applications, such as
• water pumping
• highway lighting

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Suitable Technologies
Product Range Suitable Technologies
1 Watering / Irrigation Wind / PV
2 Drying / Heating, Sea Water Desalination Thermal/ solar thermal
3 Processing Solar electric, microhydro
4 IT services Solar electric
5 Micro Energy Services Solar electric, microhydro
6 etc Decentralized Power Service Solar electric, microhydro, wind, hybrid
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Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal power renewable not dependent on the
  sun but limited to special locations. Geothermal
  power has a very large potential if considering
  all the heat existing inside Earth, although the
  heat flow from the interior to the surface is
  only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received
  from the Sun. At the moment Iceland and New
  Zealand are two of the greatest users of
  geothermal energy, although many others also have
  potential

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• Geothermal sites not included have temperatures
  ranging up to 93 ?C, which has many uses but not
  hot enough for electrical power generation which
  requires at least 148 ?C .

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Hydroelectric Power

• Energy flowing waters and it is called ( white
  coal). It is used primarily in areas with large
  differences in height, that is, where the river
  and have a large drop in on artificial water
  reservoirs, exploiting the differences in the
  level of water (dam).

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Types of Hydropower

• Natural flow of rivers.
• Use the energy of water stored in artificial
  tank. The most effective are those that are
  built in Valleys Mountain and have a very high
  dam.

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Advantages of hydroelectric

• Very low production costs? energy (water flows
  automatically) .
• The ability to quickly? arrest and resumption
  of work power plants (they are easy to
  operation).
• A small number of employees.
• The low cost of ownership.
• ? Do not pollute the atmosphere?.

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Disadvantages of hydroelectric

• The high costs of construction of dams water.
• High construction costs of transmission power
  lines.
• They may be built only in? a certain conditions
  environment (e g large fall in the river, a large
  movement These conditions are either satisfied
  or there is no power.
• They cause significant changes environment such
  as silting up reservoirs, changes in hydrological
  area, changes climate and hence plant also
  changes the world and animal.

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Largest hydroelectric power plants
NAME OF COUNTRY Power in MW
China 18000
Brazil 13200
Colombia, USA 10830
Venezuela 10000
Brazil 7260
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Why energy efficiency?

• Huge energy savings potential
• Reduction of high energy costs
• Highly cost effective
• Climate Protection
• Economic development

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• Energy savings reduce the emission of CO2 and
  thereby contribute to climate protection

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Cost parity opens Opportunities
Energy Cost fossil renewable
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• Commercially viable RE-Application
• First Low RE / High FE
• Inevitably High RE / Low FE

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• Thank You For Your Attention