Microscopy and Mitosis

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Microscopy and Mitosis
Stephanie Wolin Senior Theatre Major with a Minor
in Chemistry/Pre-Med Florida State University
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Microscopy is

• Using the microscope to enhance research
  techniques of cells at a microscopic level.
• My project goal The microscope was used to look
  at cells going through cell division (Mitosis).

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Staining the Cells

• Averaged around 8 hours
• Used basic laboratory skills
• Protocol varied depending on the cells

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Background on Mitosis

• Mitosis in single-celled organisms is responsible
  for the production of new individuals (asexual
  reproduction)
• Single-celled organisms include Paramecia and
  Amoeba

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Mitosis

• Mitosis in multi-cellular organisms is
  responsible for growth of the organism and repair
  of damaged tissues.
• Multi-cellular organisms include plants and
  animals

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Genetic Material of the Cell

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
• 1. First it must be replicated so that there is a
  duplicate set of genetic information to be given
  to each daughter cell.
• 2. Second, the genetic material (DNA) must be
  divided so that each daughter cell gets the exact
  same set of information.

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Mitosis is a 3 step process

• 1. Replication of genetic material in the mother
  cell
• 2. Separation of the replicated genetic material
• 3. Formation of the two daughter cells

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Prophase

• Prophase
• 1. Chromosomes condense
• 2. Nucleolus (or nucleoli) disappears
• 3. Nuclear membrane disappears
• 4. Spindle apparatus, composed of spindle fibers,
  forms and centrioles migrate apart.
• 5. Each chromosome becomes attached to a spindle
  fiber.

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Prophase
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Metaphase

• Metaphase
• 1. Chromosomes align in the "middle" (equator) of
  the cell. The chromosomes are pulled by the
  spindle fibers.

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Metaphase
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Anaphase

• Anaphase
• 1. Centromere of each chromosome splits and one
  chromatid from each chromosome moves to
  centrioles at the poles of the cell.
• The chromatids, which are now separate, are now
  called chromosomes.
• There are now twice as many chromosomes in the
  cell as there were in the parent cell.

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Anaphase
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Telophase

1. Nuclear membranes reform around each group of
   newly divided chromosomes.
2. Nucleolus (or nucleoli) reappears
3. Spindles disappear
4. Chromosomes extend, becoming invisible
5. Cytokenesis occurs cytoplasmic division of all
   the other materials in the cell (cytoplasm, cell
   membrane, organelles) that results in the
   formation of two new daughter cells with the
   correct number of chromosomes

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Telophase
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Cells After Mitosis
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Human Kidney Tissue
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Human Lung Tissue
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Indian Muntjac Cells
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Chinese Hamster Cells
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Rabbit Tissue
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Special Thanks To

• Mentor
• Mr. Mike Davidson
• In the Lab
• John Griffin
• Nathan Claxton
• Dita Ishmaku

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CIRL Staff ?
Dr. Patricia Dixon
Ms. Gina LaFrazza
Ms. Stacy Vanderlaan
Mr. Dave Sheaffer
Mr. Carlos Villa
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Finally Thank You to the

• The National High
• Magnetic Field Laboratory
• and
• The National Science
• Foundation

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• Questions?? ?