Andrew Johnson

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Andrew Johnson Presidential Reconstruction
Presentation by Robert Martinez Primary Content
Source Reconstructing America by Joy
Hakim Images as cited.
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• It was an actors bullet (John Wilkes Booth)
  that gave the country a new president. People
  didnt know quite what to expect of President
  Johnson.

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• Before the war, Johnson was a Democrat and a
  slave owner. He was a Senator when the Southern
  states, including Tennessee, seceded.

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• Even though Johnson was a Democrat, and
  Lincoln a Republican, Abraham Lincoln asked
  Andrew Johnson to be vice-president.

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• Now that the war was over, it was time for
  healing. Most people were encouraged. Johnson
  seemed like the perfect person to bring the North
  and South together again.

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• After all, Johnson was a Southerner who had
  the courage to stay with the Union. Both
  Democrats and Republicans supported him.

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• But those who knew Johnson werent so sure.
  Yes, he had courage, but he was also extremely
  stubborn. He didnt ask for advice, or listen
  when it was given.

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• Lincoln asked questions, listened, and changed
  his mind when he thought it needed changing. He
  knew how to compromise. Andrew Johnson was
  uncompromising.

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• During the first two years of Reconstruction,
  President Andrew Johnson was in control. That
  time is called Presidential Reconstruction.

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• In the beginning things seemed to go well.
  Congress created a Freedmans Bureau. It was to
  help the newly freed blacks. They need food,
  clothing, and shelter.

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• Some Northerners went south to help. Many of
  them were teachers. The Freedmans Bureau began
  operating schools.

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• In the years of the Confederacy, every
  Southern state except Tennessee had laws making
  it a crime to teach slaves to read and write.

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construction_images/school_detail.jpg
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• Now, as free people, they were thirsty for
  knowledge. When schools opened, parents often sat
  in the classrooms with children.

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• But its hard to learn if youre hungry, and
  many Southerners were hungry. The Freedmans
  Bureau kept most people from starving. Clothing
  was also distributed.

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construction_images/school_detail.jpg
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• Northern soldiers kept order in the South.
  Just looking at those blue uniforms upset many
  Southerners. And some whites couldnt accept the
  idea of a society where people were equal.

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• In protest, thousands of Southerners left the
  country for Mexico and South America. Former
  Confederate General Robert E. Lee was not pleased
  to see them leave the United States.

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• Virginia has need for all her sons and can
  ill afford to spare youAbandon all these local
  animosities and make your sons Americans.
• Robert E. Lee

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• Many white people in the South were willing to
  be good United States citizens, except when it
  came to treating their fellow black citizens
  fairly.

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• Right after the war, most of the same Southern
  leaders were in charge, and every Southern state
  passed laws that discriminated against blacks.

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bureau.jpg
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• The laws were called black codes. they made
  blacks practically slaves again. The codes gave
  whites almost unlimited powers. No Southern state
  would establish public schools for blacks.

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• Some whites put masks over their faces and
  burned black churches and schools. They
  terrorized and killed blacks. These were members
  of a newly formed hate group called the Ku Klux
  Klan.

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egated/images/early-kkk-l.jpg
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• When Southern states sent representatives to
  Congress, they sent former Confederate officers
  and politicians. Northerners were outraged.
  General Grant had paroled the Rebel soldiers, but
  should they be rewarded and made congressmen?

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• President Johnson asked the Southern states to
  protect the freedmens rights, but didnt do
  anything to make them.

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• In addition, Johnson was being nasty to
  Southerners who had supported the Union (as he
  had done.) He seemed to be taking sides with the
  South, when he should have tried to be president
  for all the people.

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