Glycosidic bonds

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Glycosidic bonds
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Polysaccharides
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Types

• Storage
• Starch
• Glycogen
• Structural
• Cellulose
• Chitin
• Extracellular matrix

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Storage

• Glucose in ?(1?4) linkages
• Amylose10-30
• unbranched
• Amylopectin70-90
• Branched every 12-25 residues
• ?(1?6) linkages
• Glycogen
• Branched every 8-12 residues

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Glycogen
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Structural

• Cellulose
• Glucose
• ?(1?4) linkages
• No branches
• Most abundant macromolecule

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Structural, con't.

• Chitin
• N-acetyl glucosamine
• Second most abundant macromolecule
• Bacterial cell wall
• peptidoglycan

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Nucleic acids
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Types

• DNAdeoxyribonucleic acids
• RNAribonucleic acids
• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA
• Energy transport (ATP)
• Part of various enzyme cofactors
• 5 bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine,
  uracil

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Lipids

• Not macromolecules or polymers
• HYDROPHOBIC

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Types

• Storage
• Fats/fatty acids
• Structure
• phospholipids
• Specific biological functions
• Hormones
• Vitamins

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Fatty Acids
This picture is WRONGalways cis double bonds
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Fats
Monoglycerides Diglycerides Triglycerides
Saturated Unsaturated
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Structural lipids

• Glycerophospholipids (Phosphoglycerides)
• Sphingolipids
• Sphingomyelin
• Neutral glycolipids
• Gangliosides
• Cholesterol

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Phospholipids
Common head group ( R ) choline
sphingomyelin
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Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids)

• Neutral glycolipids
• Neutral sugars
• Gangliosides
• Charged sugars

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Genetic Diseases

• Neimann-Pick Disease
• sphingomyelin accumulation
• mental retardation
• early death
• Tay-Sachs Disease
• 128 American Jews are carriers
• Ganglioside accumulation
• death by age 3

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Cholesterol
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Biological Function

• Steroid hormones
• Vitamins
• Eicosanoids
• Others

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Vitamins

• A
• D
• E
• K

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Rickets (age 2.5)
After treatment with Vitamin D (age 5)
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Eicosanoids