Key points

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Key points

1. We are creatures of habit
2. Habits can be deadly
3. Young animals learn more quickly than older
   animals
4. Necessity is the mother of invention
5. Change takes time

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• Behavior depends on consequences

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• Consequences lead to habits

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Habits Change the Body
The body determines the structure of
experience. Experience determines the structure
of the body.
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What are theadvantages of habits?
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Efficient and Effective
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Where do deer go during the hunting season?
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What are thedisadvantages of habits?
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Poisonous Plants

• Gila versus Apache Counties

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Animals Prefer Familiar- Toxic Plants -to
Unfamiliar Plantsin Unfamiliar Environments
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Ease the transition with familiar foods
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Change is sometimes necessary
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Faced with the choice between changing ones mind
and proving there is no need to do so, almost
everyone gets busy with the proof.
- John K. Galbraith
but its hard!
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What causes creatures of habit to change habits?
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YouthSatietyInadequacy
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Old dogs can learn new tricks, but young dogs
learn them quicker
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Japanese Macaques
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• Ewes, Lambs and Douglas-fir

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SatietyNot meatloaf again!
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Inadequacy
Diet Selection
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If nutritional state is adequate

• Familiarity breeds content, novelty breeds
  contempt, animals are neophobic.

Intake of rice, g
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If it aint broke,dont fix it
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If nutritional state is inadequate

• Familiarity breeds contempt, novelty breeds
  content, animals are neophyllic.

Intake high-energy, g
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Necessity is the mother of invention
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Nutrient deficient goats that ate woodrat houses
lost significantly less weight
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Nutrient Balance

• aversion sample preference

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Inadequacy
Habitat Selection
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Thompson
Maxfield
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• Maxfield
  Thompson
• Calf
• mother
• Yearlings
• peers
• 2-years age
• drought
• 3-years age
• mother

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Old dogs New tricks
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Changes in Management
System Performance
Soils, Plants, Herbivores, People
Time
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Dairies
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NewYork_dairy.wmv
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Ease transitions

• Feed green chop in the barn prior to turnout on
  grass.
• Increase time spent on pasture slowly.
• Ration fed in the barn must complement pasture.
• Expose replacements to grass early in life,
  preferably with their mothers.

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Riparian Areas
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Persistent and consistent riding
changed cattle behavior
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Riding not harassing

• Move cattle out of bottoms
• Keep cows/calves and subgroups together
• Settle animals on upland sites with ample forage,
  salt, supplement, etc.
• Ride consistently and persistently
• Cows pass behavior to their calves
• It takes time to change behavior

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1994
2001
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1995
1995
1998
1998
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Taking animals to the fair
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Key points

1. We are creatures of habit.
2. Habits can be deadly.
3. Young animals learn more quickly than older
   animals.
4. Necessity is the mother of invention.
5. Change takes time.