Diet

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Diet
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Obesity in the UK
During last 25 years, the rate of obesity in
adults has quadrupled in the UK. In England, 43
of men and 34 of women were classified as
overweight and 22 of men and 23 of women were
classified as clinically obese. This means that
over half of all adults weigh more than their
recommended weight. (OECD 2005)
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Link between diet and ill health

• Obesity can lead to a variety of health problems.
• These include
• high blood pressure
• coronary heart disease
• osteoarthritis
• diabetes
• A National Audit Office Study from 2002 estimated
  that obesity cost the NHS 500 million a year and
  the cost to the country overall has been put at
  up to 7.4 billion per annum.

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Causes

• 1998, news report in the Herald newspaper
  described the increase in the number of diabetes
  cases caused by bad diet as the diabetes time
  bomb
• Between now and 2010, the number of Type 11
  diabetes sufferers will increase from 1 to 3
  million.
• Too many cakes and biscuits.
• Fizzy drinks
• Fatty diet
• Not enough exercise
• Diabetes could bankrupt the NHS

• 1998 news report in the Herald newspaper
  described the increase in the number of diabetes
  cases caused by bad diet as the diabetes time
  bomb.
• Between now and 2010, the number of Type II
  diabetes sufferers will increase from 1 to 3
  million.
• Too many cakes and biscuits
• Fizzy drinks
• Fatty diet
• Not enough exercise
• Diabetes could bankrupt the NHS.

Fast Food Industry is the fastest growing area
of food retailing and is worth 3b a year in
sales.
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Obesity is a gender issue (Report of the
Measuring Inequalities in Health Working Group
(Scotland), November 2003)
More females are obese than males.
In females, obesity levels are increasing amongst
the less well off but remain the same for the
better off.
In males, obesity levels are increasing amongst
both socio-economic groups.
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Obesity is also a class issue (Report of the
Measuring Inequalities in Health Working Group
(Scotland), November 2003)
Obesity levels are higher the lower the social
class.
Social class I 10 are obese.
Social class IV 20 are obese
Social class V 25 are obese.
Obesity levels in the lowest social class are
similar to those in the USA.
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Differences in diet between social classes and
genders
Cost?

• Graphs show that
• The percentage of people in the least affluent
  group who do not eat fresh fruit on a daily basis
  is much higher than in the more affluent group.

Most affluent group No daily fruit Females
31 Males 45
Least affluent group No daily fruit Females
55 Males 69

• Consumption of fruit and vegetables is higher
  amongst females in both groups.
• Consumption of fruit and vegetables on a daily
  basis has increased generally but the increase
  has been higher in the more affluent group.
• Males in the least affluent group have made
  little progress.

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Link between diet, social classand ill health
(Report of the Measuring Inequalities in Health
Working Group (Scotland), November 2003)
Incidence of Chronic Illness by Social Class
(per 10,000 of population) 1999
Condition A B C1 C2 D E
Heart 67 90 77 95 117 134
Respiratory 56 58 64 71 80 102
Digestive 30 34 32 42 53 70
Musculoskeletal 98 132 141 163 187 235
Income decreases
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The James Report

• In 1993, a Government Working Party produced the
  James Report on Scotlands diet.
• The Report confirmed Scotlands poor eating
  habits and identified it as one of the main
  causes of Scotlands poor health record. Poor
  diet was the reason why Scotland had

the highest rates of mortality in the Western
world
the highest morbidity rates from coronary heart
disease, cancer and stroke
poor dental record.
Scotland's record
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Scotland - the facts!
1 in 8 children in Scotland are officially
overweight.
Scottish boys are the fattest in Europe.
Almost 100 ate sweets every day.
75 ate crisps and fizzy drinks as snacks every
day.
24 of 15 year olds in the West of Scotland eat 4
or more snacks a day.
28 of adults eat fresh fruit and 20 eat fresh
vegetables once a week or less.
17 of adults in the district of Renfrew eat less
than one full meal a day.
The facts!
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The James Report
The average Scottish diet is
deficient in fibre and certain vitamins
deficient in fruit and vegetables
contains too much sugar
contains too much salt
contains too much saturated fat.
Scotland's Diet
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The James ReportRecommendations
Children's Diets
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The James ReportRecommendations
Children's Diets
More controversial recommendations
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Benefits to Health ofRegular Exercise

• 25 of strokes could be avoided and there could
  be a
• 20 reduction in mortality after a heart
  attack, if regular exercise was taken
• Yet, according to a Scottish Health Survey
  (Working Towards a Healthier Scotland, 1999)
• 62 of women
• 53 of men
• do not get enough regular exercise
• and
• 26 of women
• 23 of men
• do not get any regular exercise.

''Sport for All'' campaigns
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Percentage of peopletaking NO exercise
((Working Towards a Healthier Scotland, 1999)
by age
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Percentage of peopletaking NO exercise
(Working Towards a Healthier Scotland, 1999)
32
33
35
by social class
43
42
by gender
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