The English Civil War

1
The English Civil War the Restoration Colonies

• Middle and Southern Colonies Founded After 1662

2
Parliament King Charles I

• Parliament clashed repeatedly with Stuart kings
• Petition of Right (1628) asserted basic rights
• No taxation without Parliaments approval
• No quartering of troops in private homes and no
  martial law in peacetime
• Right to trial by jury due process of law

King Charles I (1625-49)
3
The Civil War Commonwealth

• Parliament won the Civil War (1642-45)
• Charles escaped in 1647, but recaptured in 1648
  executed Jan. 30, 1649
• The Commonwealth was a republic, but Oliver
  Cromwell became dictator
• After his death, monarchy restored in 1660

Oliver Cromwell
4
The Restoration Colonies

• King Charles II granted New Netherlands to his
  brother James in 1664 became New York
• James granted southern portion to investors
  became New Jersey
• King granted Carolina to a different group of
  investors in 1663 (split in 1729)
• King granted Pennsylvania to William Penn in 1681

King Charles II (1660-85)
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The Middle Colonies
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New York New Jersey

• Duke of Yorks charter granted him all land
  between Connecticut Delaware Rivers
• Connecticut received royal charter in 1662
• Boundary settled in 1683
• New Jersey granted to John Berkeley George
  Carteret
• divided it into East West Jersey in 1676
• Reunited in 1702

7
Penns Woods

• William Penn wanted haven for fellow Quakers
• Established religious toleration for all, so
  German pietists flocked there
• Tried to treat Indians fairly
• Philadelphia soon became largest city in colonies
• Purchased 3 Lower Counties (Delaware) in 1682 to
  secure access to sea

8
Carolina

• First colonized by Spanish in 1526
• Charles II granted it to 8 favorites in 1663
• Grand Model constitution (written by John
  Locke) tried to est. feudal system
• Rice became staple crop by 1690 indigo in 1740s
• South Carolina became royal colony in 1719
• North Carolina became royal colony in 1729

9
James II the Dominion of New England

• King James II consolidated all northern colonies
  into Dominion of New England
• Viceroy Edmund Andros
• Forced rel. toleration
• Stripped local governments of power
• Required landowners to pay annual quitrent
• James was openly Catholic, but daughters Mary
  Anne were Protestant

King James II (1685-88)
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The Glorious Revolution(1688-89)

• Parliament invited James daughter Mary husband
  William of Orange to take throne in 1688
• William defeated James at the Battle of the Boyne
  in Northern Ireland (July 1, 1690)
• William Mary accepted Bill of Rights
• New colonial charters granted in 1691
• Plymouth merged into Mass. Bay

William III Mary II
The Battle of the Boyne
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Social Contract Theory of Government

• John Locke published Two Treatises on Government
  in 1690
• Man originally in state of nature, with natural
  rights
• Life
• Liberty
• Property
• Government contract between people to protect
  rights
• If govt doesnt protect rights, people have
  right of revolution

John Locke
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The Stuart Hanover Dynasties

• Act of Succession (1701) said monarch must always
  be Protestant
• Act of Union (1707) merged England Scotland
  into the United Kingdom