Sustainable Development of Seafood Restaurants in Sai Kung

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Sustainable Development of Seafood Restaurants
in Sai Kung

Ka Lok CHANChristine LEUNGDavid MARaymond
YIUQi ZHOU
SOSC562/301E Fall 2006
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• "What is the biggest problem in this world?"
• 
  Mao Zedong

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• "What is the biggest problem in this world?
  Eating it is!"
• 
  Mao Zedong

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Fisherman's Wharf San Francisco, California
   
   


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Seafood Paradise Sai Kung, Hong Kong
   
   


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Stakeholders

• Suppliers Fishermen, fuel/electricity/water
  supply, retailers of rice/vegetables/meat/furnitur
  e, etc.
• Restaurants Entrepreneurs, corporations,
  shareholders, management, employees
• Customers Locals, foreign tourists
• Government Waste water solid waste treatment,
  tourism board, district council, medical
  services, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
  Department
• Society Taxpayers, nearby residents
• FISH

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Externality
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Negative externality
Deadweight loss
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Externality example 1Smoking Allowed in
Restaurants

• Smoking is permitted in restaurants
• Waiters/waitress breathe in second-hand smoke gtgtgt
  Suffer severe health damages, e.g. cancer
• Restaurant owners are making good profits
• Diners are smoking happily
• Yet, employees are not compensated
• And, society and our next generation paid the
  medical bills
• Sourcehttp//www.cleartheair.org.hk/sueyourboss.
  doc
• Sustainable?

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Externality example 2Waste treatment of
Restaurants

• Air
• Noise
• Waste water
• Solid waste
• Taxpayers spend billions of dollars on sewage
  treatment works and landfill sites
• Yet, restaurants are not paying the full cost for
  waste disposal arising from their business
• Sourcehttp//www.greenrestaurant-hk.org/
• Sustainable?

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Externality example 3Impact on nearby residences

• 1. Should the proposed restaurant use be
  supported?
• 2. In consideration of nearby residential uses,
  would the proposed hours of operation reasonable,
  including the terrace dining? Should live music
  (acoustic only) be allowed outside the building?
• 3. Should the future house location be considered
  at this time given the concerns addressed by the
  Fire Department? Is the architecture of the
  proposed development compatible and complimentary
  to the existing facility?
• 4. What are the effects on property prices/rental
  values/life quality of nearby residents?
• Sourcehttp//www.ci.pleasanton.ca.us/pdf/pcsr-6c
  -nagy.pdfsearch22restaurant20impact20on20nea
  rby20residence22
• Sustainable?

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Environment
WaterControl
SeafoodSafety
WasteDisposal
FoodSupply
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Water Control
EPD Marine and Riverine Water Quality Monitoring
Stations in Port Shelter Water Control Zone
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Water Control

• Water Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 358)
• Provides for the designation of control zones
  within which discharges of effluent other than
  domestic sewage into a foul sewer must be
  licensed.

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Water Control

• Ordinance imposed from 1989Any changes
  now?Sustainable in the upcoming years?
• The regulations of the Food and Environmental
  Hygiene Department (FEHD) cause investors need
  to balance the business revenue and environment
  cost at the same time.
• Sourcehttp//www.exploresaikung.com/communityiss
  ues/TalkingSeafood.html

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Seafood Safety

• Seafood and Preventable Neurological Problems
• The National Academy of Sciences issued a 1999
  report estimating that 60,000 children are born
  in the US each year with neurological problems
  caused by mercury exposure in the uterus.
  Although most fish contain trace amounts of
  mercury, the benefits of most seafood outweigh
  the risks. But large fish that feed on other fish
  can accumulate enough mercury to irreversibly
  damage a babys nervous system. Accordingly, the
  US Food and Drug Administration issued a consumer
  advisory for 2001 Pregnant women, nursing
  mothers, young children, and women who may become
  pregnant should avoid eating swordfish, shark,
  king mackerel, and tilefish. They did not include
  fresh tuna steak on the list, although consumer
  groups such as the Mercury Policy Project and the
  Center for Science in the Public Interest believe
  it should also be avoided.  
• Sourcehttp//www.drgreene.com/21_446.html

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Food Supply

• Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353)empowers
  the Director of Agriculture and Fisheries to take
  prosecution action against any person who
  pollutes the water in any fish culture zone.
• Rest period measureEffects to the ecology and
  its sustainability?
• Carrying Capacity in Sai Kung?

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Waste Disposal

• Licensing scheme administered by the Director of
  Environmental Protectionsuch as Water Pollution
  Control Ordinance
• Resource recycling possible?for instance,
• Waste-to-Energy Incinerators
• Sludge Incinerators
• Major sewage and waste treatment/disposal
  facilities

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Community
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Local community

• Some Hakka, Hoklo came to Sai Kung in Ching
  dynasty because Sai Kung was not controlled by
  big family
• Part of them became fishermen. However, majority
  of fishermen in Sai Kung were Canton people in
  1950s

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Decline of fishery

• After 1970s, fishery declined sharply. Fishermen
  changed their career. Some of them lived on
  yachts and some lived on sea food restaurant.
• Some chambers of commerce was set up by sea food
  businessmen.
• Sourcehttp//www.ntas.org.hk/?pageorgarea3id
  112

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Conflict and interaction

• The seafood street somehow disturbs the residents
  nearby. (noise, hygiene, etc) We want to know
  more about this.
• The relationship between boat owner and
  restaurant owner? Any cooperation?
• The regulations of the Food and Environmental
  Hygiene Department (FEHD) makes the street hard
  to increase business and fulfill the requirements
  at the same time.
• Sourcehttp//www.exploresaikung.com/communityiss
  ues/TalkingSeafood.html
• More stakeholders are involved!

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Seafood Street Promotion

• Hong Kong Tourism Board
• Guidebooks, which mention Sai Kung Sea Food
  Street, are free for tourists
• Sea Food Festival
• Website Promotion
• Have any plans for further promotion?

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Society and Economics
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Basic Demographic information of Sai Kung Central
(2001)

• Population 13261
• Under 15 years old 16.3
• 15-64 73
• 65 or above 10.7
• Number of Household 3849
• Average Household Size 3.3
• Labour Force 7568 (66.1)

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Sai Kung Economy

• People in Sai Kung usually do not work locally.
• According to the Hong Kong Census 2001, fewer
  than 40 of the working population live in Sai
  Kung Central have their jobs locally.

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Indigenous economy Sai Kung as a Tourist spot

• Food Paradise
• Sai Kung has deservedly won both local and
  international acclaim for its fine seafood
  cuisine. In true Chinese desire for fresh food,
  the restaurants along the waterfronts Sai Kung
  Hoi Pong Street feature an aquarium-like display
  for dinners to choose from a wide variety of
  live, colourful fish and crustaceans for their
  meal.
• Source Home Affairs Department

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Location of Seafood Restaurants

• Mainly clusters around the waterfront

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Indigenous economy Sai Kung as a Tourist spot

• The Garden
• Most of the land in Sai Kung District, except the
  village areas as, falls within two country parks
  - namely the Sai Kung East Country Park and the
  Sai Kung West Country Park. The two parks cover
  more than 7,500 hectares and attract hundreds of
  thousands of visitors annually who use the
  picturesque scenery 27 of green hills and
  waterways for family or group outings.
• Source Home Affairs Department

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Indigenous economy Sai Kung as a Tourist spot

• History Cherished
• There are more than 200 heritage sites in Sai
  Kung District, including the Hung Shing Temple
  and Sheung Yiu Folk Museum.
• Source Home Affairs Department

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Major Customers of Seafood Restaurants

• Explore conducted a small survey of four seafood
  restaurants in 2003.
• Major clients Local people
• An increase in the number of mainland Chinese
• A decrease in Westerners
• Source
• http//www.exploresaikung.com/communityissues/Tal
  kingSeafood.html

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Consumption pattern of Seafood of Hong Kong
people

• The value of fishery industry far exceeds Hong
  Kongs total annual seafood production by its
  entire traditional capture fleet. (Lee and
  Sadovy, 1998)
• e.g. Hong Kong is the largest importer and
  exporter of Live Reef Food Fish Worldwide.

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Conclusion
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Internalize the negative externality
Deadweight loss