The Appendicular Skeleton The Lower Limbs

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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Lower Limbs

• Human Bio 11

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Pelvic Girdle
Which is male and which is female?
Female Pelvis
Male Pelvis
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Pelvic Girdle

• Bowl shaped.
• Connects vertebral column to the legs.
• Strong
• Bears most of the weight of the body.
• Bears forces of leg movements.

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Pelvic Girdle

• Function
• Protects organs of the urinary tract and
  reproduction.
• Provides attachment for muscles used for
  locomotion and posture.
• Women have a wider and lighter pelvis than males,
  and the opening is significantly larger so that
  they can give birth.

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Femur

• AKA thigh bone.
• Largest and strongest bone in body.
• Joint type
• Ball and socket at hip
• Hinge at knee.

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Patella

• AKA knee cap.
• Bone type
• Flat.
• In front of femur and tibia joint for protection.
  
• Loosely attached to allow movement.

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Tibia

• AKA shinbone or shank bone.
• Largest and strongst of the two bones in the
  lower leg.
• Connects with the knee and the ankle.
• Medial bone of the leg.

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Fibula

• AKA calf bone.
• Smaller of two bone in leg.
• Does not bear any weight.
• Supports the ankle.
• Located on lateral side of tibia.

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Tarsals

• AKA ankle.
• Bone type
• Short.
• Joint type
• Gliding.
• 7 bones.
• The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone
• AKA heel bone.

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Metatarsals

• AKA foot.
• 5 bones.

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Phalanges

• AKA toes.
• Each toe has 3 bones, but the big toe has 2
  bones.

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Assignment

• Compare and contrast the upper and lower limbs.