The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map Projections

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The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map
Projections
Johannes Ihde Federal Agency for Cartography and
Geodesy
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• Contents
• The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection
  Workshops
• Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use
• Coordinate Systems and Map Projections
• CRS Internet Portal

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1. The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection
   Workshops

The Spatial Reference Workshop 1999 and the Map
Projection Workshop 2000 recommends to the
European Commission 1. To adopt ETRS89 as
geodetic datum and to express and store
positions, as far as possible, in ellipsoidal
coordinates, with the underlying GRS80
ellipsoid ETRS89. Three map projections are
required to supplement the ellipsoidal system.
(Adopted for geo data of the Commission)
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2. To adopt EVRF2000 for expressing practical
heights (gravity-related). 3. To take strong
action to support the work of EUREF,
EuroGeographics and the NMAs in collecting and
making available in a public domain the
definitions of various coordinate reference
systems (realized by CRS internet portal), and
definitive transformation parameters between the
national reference systems and ETRS89 (realized
for 3 m accuracy level), as well as EVRF2000 (in
preparation).
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ISO 19111 (ISO/TC 211, WI 11) Spatial
referencing by coordinates

• DIS November 2000, IS 2003
• Scope
• WI 11 describes the conceptual schema and defines
  the description for a minimum data to two cases
  for which 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional coordinate
  reference system (CRS) information shall be given

• Case A A coordinate reference system to which a
  set of coordinates is related.
• Case B An operation (transformation, conversion,
  concatenated operation) to change coordinate
  values from one coordinate reference system to
  another.

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Coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate
system which is related to the Earth by a datum
coordinate reference system terrestrial reference
system grid
coordinate system map projection
datum
geodetic
vertical
engineering
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Components of a European spatial reference
system(CRS)
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2. Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use
Statement ETRS89 is recognised by the scientific
community as the European geodetic datum to be
adopted. It is defined to 1cm accuracy, and it is
consistent with the global ITRS. ETRS89 is
available due to the EUREF permanent GPS station
network EPN and the validated EUREF campaign
observations. It is part of the legal framework
of some EU member states.
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Terrestrial Reference System (TRS)

• A TRS is mathematically defined as an Euclidian
  affine frame with an origin, scale and
  orientation in relation to the Earth body
• A TRS is realized by coordinates of physical
  points an or near the Earth surface

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The International Terrestrial Reference System
(ITRS)

• The geodetic datum (origin, orientation, scale)
  of ITRS is defined by conventions (2002) of the
  International Earth Rotation Service (IERS of
  IAG)
• ITRS is realized by a series of frames (ITRF last
  one is 2000) with coordinates and velocities of
  some hundred world wide geodetic stations
  (Service of IAG)

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The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989
(ETRS89)

• The European Continental Plate is moving quite
  uniformly of some 3 cm per year, relatively to
  the ITRS. Excepted is of the south-eastern
  extreme of Europe (Greece, Turkey).
• The IAG Sub-commission for Europe EUREF decided
  to define a System fixed to the European plate in
  order to have stable co-ordinates for Europe.
• This System (datum) is named ETRS, or ETRS89, as
  was identical to the ITRS in the year 1989.
• Since 1989, ETRS89 co-ordinates have shifted from
  their values expressed in ITRS. The shifts are
  monitored by IERS and EUREF.
• This shift is well known, and transformations
  from one to the other are possible for most part
  in a 1 cm accuracy. The shift parameter are given
  with the ITRF solutions.

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European Terrestrial Reference System 1989
(ETRS89) is the geodetic datum for pan-European
spatial data collection, storage and analysis.
This is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid and is the
basis for a coordinate reference system using
ellipsoidal coordinates. The ETRS89 Ellipsoidal
Coordinate Reference System (ETRS89) is
recommended to express and to store positions, as
far as possible.
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EUREF GPS Permanent Network EPN
No. stations 130 total 42 IGS
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EUREF GPS Permanent Network (EPN) - Organization -
EPN Coordination Group
EPN Central Bureau
EPN Special Projects

• Network Coordinator
• C. Bruyninx, ROB
• Analysis Coordinator
• H. Habrich, BKG
• Dataflow Coordinator
• G. Stangl, OLG
• Technical Working Group representative
• W. Gurtner, AIUB
• Special projects representatives

• Tasks
• Day-to-day general management of the EPN
• Realization of a policy as prescribed by the
  Technical Working Group
• Provide all EPN related information
• Head C. Bruyninx, ROB

• Time series for geokinematic
• Head A. Kenyeres, FOMI
• Troposphere parameter estimation
• Head G. Weber, BKG

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3. Coordinate Systems and Map Projections
A coordinate system is a set of mathematical
rules for specifying how coordinates are to be
related to points. Map projections are special
coordinate systems. The rules defining the map
projections are conversions between ellipsoidal
coordinates and coordinates of the map
projections.
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The Map Projection Workshop 2000 recommends that
the European Commission    Uses for statistical
analysis and display a ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal
Equal Area coordinate reference system of 2001
ETRS -LAEA, that is specified by ETRS89 as
datum and the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area map
projection.    Uses for conformal pan-European
mapping at scales smaller or equal to 1500,000
ETRS89 Lambert Conic Conformal coordinate
reference system of 2001 ETRS -LCC that is
specified by ETRS89 as datum and the Lambert
Conic Conformal (2SP) map projection.    Uses
for conformal pan-European mapping at
scales larger than 1500,000 ETRS89 Transverse
Mercator coordinate reference systems ETRS-TMzn.
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  For pan-European statistical mapping at all
scales or for other purposes where a true area
representation is required, the ETRS89 Lambert
Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System
(ETRS-LAEA) is recommended.   The ETRS89 Lambert
Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System
(ETRS-LAEA) is a single projected coordinate
reference system for all of the pan-European
area. It is based on the ETRS89 geodetic datum
and the GRS80 ellipsoid.
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ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate
Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) Description
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4. CRS Internet Portal Information System for
European Coordinate Reference Systems - Structure
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Homepage
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Selection of CRS
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Description of CRS
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Transformations between geodetic datum, map
projections and geographical grids in geodesy
and geoinformation
Johannes Ihde, Jens Luthardt Federal Agency for
Cartography and Geodesy and Members of the Expert
Group Geodesy (ExG G) of EuroGeographics, former
WG 8 of CERCO Zuheir Altamimi, Heinz Habrich,
Joao Torres, Georg Weber
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• Contents
• Spatial reference Systems The European
  Situation
• Datum Transformation
• Coordinate Conversion and Map Projections
• Transformation of Grid Related Information
• Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information
  and Service System GISS
• Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF to ESDI

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Coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate
system which is related to the Earth by a datum
coordinate reference system terrestrial reference
system (grid)
coordinate system incl. map projection
datum
geodetic
vertical
engineering
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• Spatial reference systems
• The European Situation

A referense frame is the realization of a defined
reference system
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Components of European spatial reference
systems(CRS)
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European Coordinate Reference Systems incl. map
projections
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National Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) in
Europe
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Map Projections in Europe
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Map Projections in Europe
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2. Datum TransformationCoordinate Transformation
change of coordinates from one coordinate
reference system to another coordinate reference
system based on a different datum through a
one-to-one relationship
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Description of Transformations to ETRS89
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Formula of 7 Parameter Helmert (similarity)
Transformation(ISO19111)

• (T) Target Datum
• (S) Source Datum
• T1, T2, T3 geocentric X/Y/Z translations m
• R1, R2, R3 rotations around X/Y/Z axis radian
  
• D correction of scale ppm
•  
• Remark the rotations R1, R2, R3 must be small.

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3. Coordinate Conversion and Map Projections
change of coordinates from one coordinate system
to another based on the same datum based on a
one-to-one relationship (including map projection)
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Coordinate Systems

• 3D
• Cartesian X, Y, Z
• Ellipsoidal l, j, h
• (Geodetic Coordinates)
• Mapping E, N, h
• Spherical R, q, l
• Cylindrical l, l, Z
• 2D
• Geographic l, j
• Mapping E, N
• Height system H

Z
P
R
z
q
o
Y
l
l
X
Rcosq cosl OP Rcosq sinl Rsinq
l cosl OP l sinl z
Spherical
Cylindrical
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Map projection
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Coordinate conversion and coordinate
transformation
Datum 1 Coordinate System A
Datum 2 Coordinate System A
coordinatetransformation I
coordinateconversion
Datum 1 Coordinate System B
coordinatetransformation II(concatenated
coordinate operations)
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4. Transformation of Grid Related Information
Most of the transformation/conversion cases in
geodesy and geoinformation are related to point
information (easy case of a one to one
relationship). In physical geodesy some
processing procedures bases on mean values over
near equal area grids/compartments (geoid
determination by solution of a BVP with mean
gravity anomalies and topographic heights)
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• The grid/compartment system is defined in a
  coordinate system (e.g. in ellipsoidal cs).
• The coordinate system is related to the Earth by
  a datum. The information to be stored in a grid
  system are connected to the Earth.
• Two cases of grid transformation
• Change of the grid/compartment system (coordinate
  system)
• Change of the datum.
• There are no problems with point related
  information.

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• In case of a change of the datum there are two
  possibilities change mean values
• Shift of the position of the grid/compartments on
  the Earth surface it means the content/values
  of the compartments will be changed. The values
  of the boundaries of the compartments are fixed.
  (datum shift)
• Fix the position of the compartment on the Earth
  surface it means the content/values of the
  compartments will be fixed. The values of the
  boundaries of the compartments has to be changed
  by a datum transformation. (coordinate
  conversion)

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Conclusion Store all information as point
information in ellipsoidal coordinates in ETRS89
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5. Realisation of a web-based Geodetic
Information and Service System GISS

• in cooperation of EUREF and EuroGeographics will
  be realised by Bundesamt für Kartographie und
  Geodäsie (BKG)
• will be the further development of the
  Information System for European Coordinate
  Reference Systems (CRS)
• Access at present for CRS http//crs.ifag.de or
  Links from Hompages of BKG, EUREF,
  EuroGeographics

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Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information
and Service System GISS (2)

• CRS contains at present for position
• descriptions of national Coordinate Reference
  Systems (CRS) of European countries
• descriptions of pan-European CRS (ETRS89)
• descriptions of transformation parameters of
  national CRS to pan-European CRS with an accuracy
  of 1...3 m
• The information were provided from the National
  Mapping Agencies (NMA) and unified and prepared
  regarding ISO-Standard 19111.

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Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information
and Service System GISS (3)

• further development
• upgrading for the gravity-related height
  component (in preparation circular letter)
• generally information about CRS, Coordinates,
  Transformations, Map Projections etc.
• current separately existing Websites for projects
  of height reference systems http//evrs.leipzig.if
  ag.de (EVRS) will be included and updated
• upgrading for single point online transformation
  and conversion
• adding data for describing the Earth gravity field

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Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information
and Service System GISS (4)
Structure
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Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information
and Service System GISS (5)
Sub-Structure of CRS
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GISS - Online Transformation Position
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GISS - Online TransformationHeight
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6. Georeferencing for EuroGeographics
projects(Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF to a
ESDI- INSPIRE/ EuroSpec)

• Geodetic Components to Reference Data
• Geodetic Control Stations (EPN, ECGN)
• Geodetic Information and Service System (GISS)
• Real Time Data Transfer for Global Navigation
  Satellite Systems (NTRIP)
• Validation and Certification of Geodetic
  Information

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Geodetic Information and Service System GISS
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Networked Transport of RTCMvia Internet Protocol
(Ntrip)
GPS
GNSS Internet principle
ServerPC
Broadcaster
Reference Station on the Internet
Mobile IP Network
ClientPDA
GPRSModem
Internet elsewhere
DGPS
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Data services (Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF
to ESDI)
EUREF stations
EPN data
Web portal
Densifications
Navigation, GNSS
Other services
User needs
Certification
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The Transformation of coordinates, which refer to
different geodetic datum and map projections, is
a standard task for the referencing of
geoinformation and one of the basic tasks of
geodesy. Thereby we essentially fall back on
point information. The transformation of
information, which is dedicated to
grids/compartiments, comes up to the physical
geodesy. Principles of transformation,
conversion of coordinates and information
transfer, that are dedicated to
grids/compartiments, are being described and
discussed.
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