Chapter 2 Enlarging Vocabulary through Central Ideas

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Chapter 2Enlarging Vocabulary through Central
Ideas

• Central Ideas 1-5

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Central Ideas

• Skill
• Poverty
• Wealth
• Fear
• Courage

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Part 1 SKILL

• Adroit
• Ambidextrous
• Apprentice
• Aptitude
• Craftsperson
• Dexterity
• Maladroit
• Versitile

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1. Adroit (adj)

• Expert in using the hands or mind skillful
  clever deft dexterous
• Our adroit passing enabled us to score four
  touchdowns.

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2. Ambidextrous (adj)

• Able to use both hands equally well
• Ruth is an ambidextrous hitter she can bat
  right-handed or left-handed.

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3. Apprentice (n)

• Person learning an art or trade under a skilled
  worker learner beginning novice tyro
• Young Ben Franklin learned the printing trade by
  serving as an apprentice to his half brother
  James.

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4. Aptitude (n)

• Natural tendency to learn or understand bent
  talent
• Cindy is not clumsy with tools she has
  mechanical aptitude.

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5. Craftsperson (n)

• Skilled worker artisan
• To build a house, you need the services of
  carpenters, bricklayers, plumbers, and
  electricians each one must be a skilled
  craftsperson.

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6. Dexterity (n)

• Skill using the hands or mind deftness
  adroitness expertise
• You cant expect an apprentice to have the same
  dexterity as a skilled worker.

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7. Maladroit (adj)

• Clumsy inept awkward
• A maladroit worker banged his thumb with a hammer.

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8. Versatile (adj)

• Capable of doing many things well many-sided
  all-around
• Leonardo da Vinci was remarkably versatile. He
  was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician,
  engineer, and scientist.

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Part 2 Poverty

• Destitute
• Economize
• Frugal
• Impoverished
• Indigence

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9. Destitute (adj)

• Not possessing the necessities of life, such as
  food, shelter, and clothing needy indigent
• The severe earthquake killed hundreds of persons
  and left thousands destitute.

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10. Economize (v)

• Reduce expences be frugal
• Consumers can economize by buying their milk in
  gallon containers.

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11. Frugal (adj)

• Barely enough scanty
• Avoiding waste economical sparing saving
  thrifty
• The old man had nothing to eat but bread and
  cheese yet he offered to share his frugal meal
  with his visitor.
• My weekly allowance for lunches and fares isnt
  much, but I can get by on it if I am frugal.

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12. Impoverish (v)

• Make very poor reduce to poverty bankrupt
  ruin pauperize
• The increase in dues of only a dollar a year will
  not impoverish anyone.

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13. Indigence (n)

• Poverty penury
• By hard work, countless thousands of Americans
  have raised themselves from indigence to wealth.

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Part 3 Wealth

• Affluent
• Avarice
• Avaricious
• Covet
• Dowry
• Financial
• Fleece

• Hoard
• Lavish
• Lucrative
• Means
• Opulence
• Sumptuous

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14. Affluent (adj)

• Very wealthy rich opulent
• The new wing to the hospital is a gift from an
  affluent humanitarian.

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15. Avarice (n)

• Excessive desire for wealth greediness cupidity
• If manufacturers were to raise prices without
  justification, they could be accused of avarice.

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16. Avaricious (adj)

• Greedy grasping covetous
• An avaricious person likes to get and keep, but
  not to give or share.

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17. Covet (v)

• Desire long for crave, especially something
  belonging to another
• Jorge coveted his neighbors farm but could not
  get her to sell it.

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18. Dowry (n)

• Money, property, etc., that a bride brings to her
  husband
• The dowry that his wife brought him enabled the
  Italian engraver Piranesi to devote himself
  completely to art.

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19. Financial (adj)

• Having to do with money matters monetary
  pecuniary fiscal
• People who keep spending more than they earn
  usually get into financial difficulties.

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20. Fleece (v)

• (literally, to remove the wool from sheep or a
  similar animal)
• Deprive or strip of money or belongings by fraud
  charge excessively for goods or services rob
  cheat swindle
• If your sister paid 9000 for that car, she was
  fleeced. The mechanic says it was worth 5000.

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21. Hoard (v)

• Save and conceal accumulate amass
• Aunt Bonnie had a reputation as a miser who
  hoarded every penny she could get her hands on.

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22. Lavish (adj)

• Too free in giving, using, or spending profuse
  prodigal
• Given or spent too freely very abundant
  extravagant profuse
• The young heir was warned that he would soon have
  nothing left if he continued to be lavish with
  money.
• Veras composition is good, but it doesnt
  deserve the lavish praise that Linda gave it.

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23. Lucrative (adj)

• Profitable moneymaking
• Because the gift shop did not produce a
  sufficient profit, the owner decided to go into a
  more lucrative business.

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24. Means (n. pl)

• Wealth property resources
• To own an expensive home, a yacht, and a
  limousine, you have to be a person of means.

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25. Opulence (n)

• Wealth riches affluence
• Dickens contrasts the opulence of Frances
  nobility with the indigence of her peasants.

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Sumptuous (adj)

• Involving large expense luxurious costly
• The car with the leather upholstery and thick
  rugs is beautiful but a bit sumptuous for my
  simple tastes.

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Fear

• Apprehensive
• Cower
• Dastardly
• Intimidate
• Poltroon
• Timid
• Trepidation

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27. Apprehensive (adj)

• Expecting something unfavorable afraid anxious
• Apprehensive parents telephoned the school when
  the class was late getting home from the museum.

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28. Cower (v)

• Draw back tremblingly shrink or crouch in fear
  cringe recoil
• If you stand up to your bullying sister instead
  of cowering before her, she may back down.

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29. Dastardly (adv)

• Cowardly and mean
• It was dastardly of the captain to desert the
  sinking vessel and leave the passengers to fend
  for themselves.

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30. Intimidate (v)

• Make fearful or timid frighten force by fear
  cow bully
• The younger children would not have given up the
  playing field so quickly if the older ones hadnt
  intimidated them.

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31. Poltroon (n)

• Thorough coward dastard craven
• Like the poltroon that he was, Tonseten hid under
  the bed when he saw a fight coming.

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32. Timid (adj)

• Lacking courage or self-confidence fearful
  timorous shy
• If the other team challenges us, we should
  accept. Lets not be so timid!

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33. Trepidation (n)

• Nervous agitation fear, fright trembling
• I thought Carol would be nervous when she made
  her speech, but she delivered it without
  trepidation.

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Courage

• Audacious
• Audacity
• Dauntless
• Exploit
• Fortitude
• Indomitable
• Plucky
• Rash

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34. Audacious (adj)

• Bold fearlessly daring
• Too bold insolent impudent
• The audacious sea captain set a couse for
  uncharted waters.
• After we had waited for about twenty minutes, an
  audacious latecomer strolled up and tried to get
  in at the head of our line.

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35. Audacity (n)

• Nerve rashness temerity
• Oliver Twist, nine-year-old poorhouse inmate, was
  put into solitary confinement when he had the
  audacity to ask for a second helping of porridge.

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36. Dauntless (adj)

• Fearless intrepid very brave valiant
• The frightened sailors wanted to turn back, but
  their dauntless captain urged them to sail on.

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37. Exploit (n)

• Heroic act daring deed feat
• Amelia Earhart won worldwide fame for her expoits
  as an aviator.

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38. Fortitude (n)

• Courage in facing danger, hardship or pain
  endurance bravery pluck backbone valor
• The officer showed remarkable fortitude in
  remaining on duty despite a painful wound.

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39. Indomitable (adj)

• Incapable of being subdued unconquerable
  invincible
• The bronco that would not be broken threw all its
  riders. It had an indomitable will to be free.

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40. Plucky (adj)

• Courageous brave valiant valorous
• After two days on a life raft, the plucky
  survivors were rescued by a helicopter.

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41. Rash (adj)

• Overhasty foolhardy reckless impetuous taking
  too much risk
• When you lose your temper, you may say or do
  something rash and regret it afterward.