HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS

• With NetLogo, AgentSheets, and Stella

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Red Blood Cells

• Use Hemoglobin to carry oxygen.
• 5.2x106 per cubic millimeter of blood
• Carry 300 more oxygen than plasma
• Carries CO2 and waste away from tissue.

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White Blood cells

• Types of WBCs
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophiles
• Monocytes
• Helper T cells
• Cytotoxic T cells
• Memory T cells
• Suppressor T cells

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HIV/AIDS

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Advanced Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Transferred through direct bodily contact
• Attacks Helper T-cells
• Can only be transferred through unprotected
  intercourse and the sharing of needles

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Anatomy of the HIV Virus

• Gp120 Envelope Protein
• Gp41 Envelope Protein
• P17 matrix protein
• P24 Capsule Protein
• Reverse Transcriptase
• The Lipid Membrane

Image from www.howstuffworks.com
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Virus travels through Bloodstream
HIV attacks t-cells
Killer t-cells destroy affected cells
AIDS virus attaches to a CD4 receptor
Transcription
Reverse Transcription
Possible Infections
Proteins cut and packaged with RNA
Budding new viruses
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Stopping The Virus
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And now, Shodor Scholars Program
presents Modeling of HIV and Hepatitis B using
NetLogo, AgentSheets, and STELLA
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Hepatitis B

• Effects in the Bloodstream and in a Community

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Transmission

• Unprotected intercourse
• Sharing needles
• Children of infected parents

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Risk Groups

• Promiscuity
• House hold contacts with an infected person
• Children born to infected mothers

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Prevention

• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Safe Intercourse
• Personal evaluation of the disease
• Hospital testing

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Symptoms

• Jaundice
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Joint pain

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Developing Chronic Hepatitis vaccination

• 90 of infants affected at birth
• 30 of children affected at age 1-5
• 6 of person affected at 5
• Altogether 15-25 of infected persons

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Trends and Statistics

• Number of infections per year declined since 1980
  
• Highest rate runs from 20-49
• 30 of infected people dont show symptoms

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Trends and Statistics

• The greatest decline occurs in children and
  adolescents
• Effective vaccines available since 1982
• Hepatitis is 100x easier to catch than HIV (AIDS)

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Conclusions

• As the virus spread, the immune system is
  weakened.

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Conclusions

• In the two-disease model, the second disease
  progresses faster.
• The earlier one begins risky behavior, the more
  drastic the deaths in community.

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Conclusions

• Increased deaths also results in increase in
  risky behavior.
• The same conclusions arise from global and local
  model.

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Conclusions

• While not necessarily an acceptable societal
  choice, the models show that higher mortality
  could lead to lower diseased population