s ???

1
?12?
s ???
2
S???????????
3
??????
1.?? s ?????????????
2.?????????????????, ? ?????????????
3.??s???????????????? ???,?????????????
4.?? s ???????????,???? ???????????
5.?????????????????
6.????????????????
4
12.1 ?? Generalization
12.2 ?? Simple substances
12.3 ??? Compounds
12.4 ? ?????? Special characteristics
of lithium and beryllium
5
12.1 ?? Generalization
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
12.2.1 ???????
1. ???????
?????,???,???,??????????????
9
2. ???????
(1) ???????????,????????
????????,????????
Li2O Na2O2 KO2
RbO2 CsO2 BeO MgO CaO
SrO Ba O2
10
?????????????????
Solution
11
(2) ????
? ??????????? 2 M(s) 2 H2O (l) ? 2
M(aq) 2 OH-(aq) H2(g)
? ???????????? M(s) 2 H2O (l)? M(aq) 2
OH-(aq) H2(g) ????????????, ??????????????
???????????????
12
????????????????????,??? Li??????????????????
Solution
???????????,??????????????,????????????
Li???????,????(1)??????,????????????????
(2)????????????,??????????,?????????
13
Li ?E????????Be?E?????
Solution
S ???????????????? E? (??V)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(3) ???? (flame reaction)
?????????????????????,?????????,??????
(flame reaction)?????????????????,???????
16
(4) ??????
????????????,????????????????????
??????????? (-35?)
17
????????,????????????????????????????,????46?
NH3 ? ?? ??
????????????(??)????????????.
18
???????????????????
Solution
19
????????????,??????????
Solution
1974?, ??????????J L Dye
?????Na????????
X??????????, ???????????,???Na??????NaCl?
?Cl-???
20
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
21
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
22
12.2.2 ???????????
???????????100 kg???????(???g)???(?10??)?
23
????????????
???
???
???
???
???
? ?
???
? ?
???
???
???
???
24
s??????????
K Ca Rb Sr Cs
Ba
25
?????,?????????????????
??
KCl Na NaCl K
Solution
???????(418.9 kJmol-1 )??? (495.8
kJmol-1)?,?????????????rHm????????????(766
ºC)???(890 ºC )?,????????????????,????????,????KCl
?NaCl ?? ????,????????,??????,???T?rSm???,????rGm?
?????????????,?? ???,????????????,????????? ??????
????????Pk??,?rGm????????,??????????
26
12.2.3 ????
?????????????????????
????????????????,?????????????????????????

27
???

• ??????????????????,????
• ?????????????

• ????Al-Li(??3 ),????????????
• ????
• ?????????(?????????????
• ??)
• ???(???????7.5)?????????
• ????????

28
??? ??????
?????,1kg??????????????????, ?U-235??????????8??1k
g???????340??????
29
??????????????????????
?????, Li???????????????,
?????????????????,???????????
??
LiCoO2 6 C(??) LiC6
CoO2
??
???????????????, ???????? Li ?????
(Li???????), ??????????? .
30
???
???
?????,????????? 0.1 !??????(???)????????(
?????????),????????????
31
?????
???????????133Cs ????????(9192631770 s-1)
?????????, ???????????????? SI ??????
s????????????? ( ??? 1.0 10-9 s )
?????????????????
32
???
???,70 80 ?????????
???????????-???????????????,??????????????????????
???????????????
???
?????????,???????????????70 ???????
??????????,?????????????
33
?????????
Solution
???????????????????????????????,
????????????????, ????????????????????
??,1948????????BeO???????????????????????????,
???????????2.5??????,?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????, ???????????????????,
????????????????????????????
34
12.3.1 ???????? Binary
compounds of alkalin metals with
oxygen 12.3.2 ????
Hydroxides 12.3.3 ?????????
Salts of alkalin metals 12.3.4 ??????????
Salts of alkalin earth metals 12.3.4
??????? Macrocyclic
coordination compounds
35
12.3.1 ????????
1. ???
?????(O2-) ????(O22-) ????(O2-)
????????????????????????????????????????
???
36
2. ??
3. ????
? ? H2O ??? (??????)
37
? ?CO2???
? ???????????
38
12.3.2 ????
(?Be(OH)2????)
? ?????
? ??????
????????????????(20?)
????????????????????????????,????????,?
???? ??.
39
12.3.3 ?????????
???????????????????
1. ??
????????????????,???????(??LiCl)?????????
??
2. ????
???????????, ?????????????,
????????????O2??????KNO3?????????
40
3. ?????
??????????????????
4. ???
????????,???????????LiF?Li2CO3?Li3PO45H2O,??NaS
b(OH)6?NaZn(UO2)3(CH3COO)96H2O,??????M3Co(NO2)6
,MB(C6H5)4,MClO4?M2PtCl6????????(????)?
41
? ?????????
?????(??????)????????????????(???????)??????,?????
?????????????
42
????????????,????????????,???? NaClO4
??????,? KClO4????
Solution
43
12.3.4 ??????????
1. ??
??????????,?Be2????,BeCl2 ?????????
2. ? ? ?
??????????????? ?
????????,??????????????????,?????????BaSO4?BaCrO4?
??????
44
2. ????????
? ?????????
???? MCO3(s) MO(s) CO2(g) ?????? (298K)
? ??? M2CO3gt MCO3
45
? ????????
46
(No Transcript)
47
Ca2?Mg2(????????, ?Fe2)?????????(hard
water)?
?????????????????(Water Softening)?
48
12.3.4 ???????

• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????
• ???????
• ??,?????
• ???????????
• ???????????
• ??!

49
3. ?????????????3?Nobel ?????
50
(1) ?? (crown ether)
??????18-?-6,18?6??????????????,?????O???
? -CH2-CH2- ?????? ????????????????,???18-?-6?????
???????????????
??????????????? (macrocyclic
coordination compound)?
???????????,??????????????????????????????????K?N
a???????,?????? 105 1?
51
(2)?? (cryptant)
?????????????????,??????????,?????
(cryptant)??????????????????????,???????????
?????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????,?????????????
??????????,??????????????
52
?????????????? ??? ,???????????????????????
?(?????)???-??????
53
12.4 ? ?????? Special
characteristics of lithium and
beryllium
????????????????????????????,?? ?????
(diagonal rule)?
????????????????????????????????????,????
????????????
54
???????
? ?????????????
? ?????????,???????? ??????????
? ????????????????
? ????????,?????????
? ???????,????????
? Li?Mg2???????
55
???????
? ????????,????????? ???????
? ????,????????
? ????????????
? ????????
? ?????
56
???????
? ????????????
? ????????
? ????????
? H3BO3 ? H2SiO3 ????????
? ??BB?SiSi????,????? ??????,????
? ??????
? ??????,? HBF4 ? H2SiF6