RENAISSANCE NONFICTION

1
RENAISSANCE NONFICTION

• QUEEN ELIZABETH
• SIR THOMAS MORE
• SIR FRANCIS BACON

2
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE PROMPT

• Complete the following sentence in as many ways
  as you can in the time allotted.
• I would support a leader who
• Write a paragraph description of an effective
  leader for today. Include a comment if this is a
  universal description or pertinent to the United
  States alone.
• Share yours with a neighbor

3
RHETORIC REVIEW

• Define Rhetoric
• Moving people to action methods of persuasion,
  etc.

4
RHETORICAL DEVICES

• What rhetorical devices do you find in the
  following? What is their purpose or effect?
• As the highland path is shrouded in fog, so the
  future is unclear. Every turn is blind and every
  mile mysterious.

5
RHETORICAL DEVICES Organization Techniques

• Author uses the first sentence to present a brief
  analogy. The second sentence uses repetition of
  the word every for emphasis and to highlight
  characteristics in the analogy of the first
  sentence.

6
QUEEN ELIZABETH1533-1603
7
INFERENCES

• In each of the following statements from Speech
  Before the Spanish Armada Invasion, what does
  Elizabeth suggest about the responsibilities of
  leadership?
• Lines 2-4 (We have been persuadedloving
  people.)
• Lines 6-10 (I am come amongst youeven in the
  dust.)
• Lines 15-17 (I know alreadyshall be duly paid
  you.)

8
SIR THOMAS MORE

• UTOPIA

9
SYNTAX ANALYSIS UTOPIA

• Choose two techniques that More uses in his
  selection.
• Write a paragraph for each explaining what he has
  used and why? For what purpose or effect?

10
SYNTAX ANALYSIS UTOPIA

• Partners share analysis and discuss
• Large group discussion
• Analogies
• Rhetorical Questions
• Imperative sentences
• Others

• Imperative sentences of, relating to, or
  constituting the grammatical mood that expresses
  the will to influence the behavior or another
  expressive of a command, entreaty or exhortation,
  having power to restrain, control and direct.

11
RHETORICAL PRECIS UTOPIA

• Share precis with partner
• Large group sharing

12
INTERPRETATION UTOPIA

1. Why does More keep referring to an incompetent
   kings subjects as beggars?
2. Re-read the footnote about Mores allusion to the
   Bible. In what sense does his statement both
   clarify an idea and present a warning?

13
DRAW CONCLUSIONS Explain fully using support

• 1. What conclusions can you draw about Elizabeth
  as a ruler?
• 2. Would Sir Thomas More have approved of her
  governing style?
• 3. Why would Henry VIII desire to have More as an
  advisor?
• 4. Which of the two selections conveys a greater
  sense of leadership?
• 5. Synthesizing the two selections write a
  general statement about a leaders roles and
  responsibilities. How does your conclusion from
  the two selections compare to your prior
  knowledge I would support statements and
  descriptive paragraph?

14
SIR FRANCIS BACON

• From Novum Organum
• Idols of the Cave and
• Selected Essays

15
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ACTIVITY

• Under each of the following headings, list at
  least two observations you have made.
• Being a teenager
• Being a student
• Being a friend
• Being a son/daughter
• Other (open-ended life observations)

16
DISCUSS

• No man prospers so suddenly as by others
  errors.
• Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) from Of Fortune

17
TERMS-Take notes!

• ESSAY
• Relatively brief work of nonfiction that offers
  an opinion on a subject.
• Purpose may be to express ideas or feelings, to
  inform, to entertain, or to persuade
• May be formal or informal

18
TERMS-Essay continued

• It is structure not topic that makes an essay
  formal or informal.
• FORMAL ESSAY highly structured, examines a topic
  in a thorough, serious, highly organized manner.

19
TERMS-Essay continued

• INFORMAL ESSAY presented in a less serious
  manner or less formal tone may include humor, a
  personal or confidential approach, a loose and
  sometimes rambling style and often a surprising
  or unconventional topic.

20
TERMS APHORISM

• APHORISM brief statements that express general
  observations about life in a witty, pointed way
  often, but not always, offers advice.
• Discuss Knowledge is power.
• How might one observe this in todays world? Is
  it true?
• This does not contain advice. How might you
  reword it to include advice?

21
TERMS

• INDUCTIVE REASONING moving from the particular
  to the general. Observations to premise to
  general conclusion

22
INDUCTIVE REASONING

• Early proponents of induction, such as Francis
  Bacon, saw it as a way of understanding nature in
  an unbiased way, as it derives laws from neutral
  observation. (bold emphasis added)
• http//changingminds.org/disciplines/argument/type
  s_reasoning/induction.htm

23
Inductive examples

• All sheep I have seen are white, therefore, all
  sheep are white.
• All 10 dogs have fleas-All dogs have fleas

24
INDUCTIVE EXAMPLES

• All men are mortal.
• Socrates is a man.
• Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

25
TERMS

• DEDUCTIVE REASONING general to specific. Start
  with a generally accepted truth.
• All turtles have shells
• The animal I have captured is a turtle
• I conclude that the animal in my bag has a shell

26
WEAKNESSES

• There are weaknesses to both methods known as
  inductive fallacies or deductive fallacies
  respectively.
• For example, in the turtle shell example, the
  creature in the bag could be a snail.
• Many great websites explain these fallacies.
  Check out changingminds.org for example

27
Which type of reasoning?

• All apples are fruit.
• All fruits grow on trees.
• Therefore all apples grow on trees.

28
TERMS

• VALID GENERALIZATION a statement, supported by
  evidence, that holds true in a large number of
  cases.

29
TERMS

• HASTY GENERALIZATION a generalization based upon
  too few examples without taking exceptions or
  qualifying facts into account.

30
ASSIGNMENT

• INDIVIDUALLY
• Read pages 454-455 new textbook.
• Read pages 356-359 old textbook.
• Paraphrase each aphorism on pages 357-358

31
WITH A PARTNER

• Compare paraphrases of the aphorisms
• Then-
• Do all of page 358 (qs 1-9)
• Do Understanding Aphorism, Reasoning, and Words
  from Latin Roots page 359.
• Large group sharing/discussion (if time allows)

32
FOLLOW-UP

• Choose any two from your list of advice and
  observations and write each as an aphorism.
• Read Of Studies and Of Marriagep. 456-460.
• Make a chart that lists the following
• Opinions/Aphorisms
• Agree/Disagree
• Based on reasoning-identify type

33
SAMPLE ASSIGNMENTEssay Title
Opinion/ Aphorism Agree or Disagree Why Type of reasoning used Valid or Hasty Generalization-Explain

34
Of Studies p. 456

1. In lines 24-26, what connections does Bacon make
   between certain kinds of books and certain
   character traits?
2. In lines 30-34, what kinds of study can improve a
   persons critical thinking skills?
3. Which of these traits or skills seem to be
   emphasized in school today? Explain.

35
Of Marriage and Single Life

• Based on lines 13-18, what advice might Bacon
  offer someone who is considering hiring a single
  man? Explain.
• Why didnt Bacon discuss romantic love in his
  essay?
• What characteristics of a formal essay do you
  observe in lines 27-29?

36
EVALUATE STRUCTURE

• Choose one of the two essays.
• Write a paragraph or two in which you evaluate
  the effectiveness of Bacons presentation.
• If you find the essay smooth and logical then
  outline the essay.
• If you find it difficult to follow then suggest a
  more effective structure-create an outline that
  reflects your changes.