Galtung

1
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model
cities rich, elites, multi-nationals
Richest 10 in the First World take 29 of total
national incomes. USA, the richest 20 consume
60 the poorest 20 consume 3.
periphery
rural areas workers, farmers, poor
Poorest 10 in the First World get 2.5 of total
national incomes.
cities rich, elites, companies
Richest 10 of Latin Americans take 48 of total
national incomes. Brazil 3 of pop (190 million)
own 66 of arable land. 35,000 families control
50 of farmland.
periphery
rural areas workers, farmers, poor
Poorest 10 of Latin Americans get 1.6 of total
national incomes.
2
Galtungs Center-Periphery ModelExamples
Center-center all of the US intelligence budget
40 of the defense budget is secret. CIA
devoted 28 billion to study the Soviet Union
(USSR), yet in the 1980s they never noticed the
economic collapse of the USSR. Center-center US
budget for international affairs 93 to
Pentagon 7 to State Department. Center-center
1.4 million US military people around the world
in 725 military bases from Iceland to
Japan. Center-center British empire on the eve
of the World War I had a trade surplus of 7 of
GDP USA, for the last 15 years, has had a trade
deficit of 5 every year imperial overreach?
United States
Other examples The top 10 percent of Chinese
households have 57 percent of national
income. South Africa is the most unequal society
in the world. The top 10 percent of households
(almost all Whites) pocketed 58 percent of the
national income
3
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model
Three Stages of Imperialism
1) plunder
2) barter
In 2008, 72 of Americans haggled compared with
56 in 2007. They were successful about 80 of
the time.
3) monetary exchange Since World War II, the
USA has dominated world financial institutions,
such as the World Bank and Internal Monetary Fund
(IMF), world trade organizations (GATT and WTO),
and regional trade associations (NAFTA and FTAA).
Meanwhile, illegal, or underground, economies
play important roles 8 of GDP in USA 22 in
Italy 25 in Greece
4
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model

• Five Types of Imperialism
• 1) economic A) U.S. blockades of Cuba and
  Nicaragua in violation of United Nation
  resolutionsB) U.S. security inspections in major
  ports around the world(Would the U.S. allow
  other countries to inspects its ports?)

5
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model

• Five Types of Imperialism
• 2) political Chile, 1973 400 USA CIA agents
  assisted Augusto Pinochet, commander-in-chief of
  the army, to kill President Salvador Allende and
  overthrow his freely elected socialist
  government. U.S. Secretary of State Henry
  Kissinger said Chilean people were
  irresponsible in voting for Allende!
• 3) military U.S. invasions of
• Vietnam (500 billion),
• Panama (3,000 killed), Grenada,
• Afghanistan (dead 70,000 Afghans 3,400 U.S.
  soldiers 2 trillion costs)
• Iraq (2.2 trillion including veterans medial
  and disability costs)

6
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model
The United States has 730 military bases around
the world View another map of U.S. involvement.
7
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model
The only 22 Countries which Britain has not
invaded (not shown Sao Tome and Principe)
8
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model

• Five Types of Imperialism
• 4) communication, e.g., U.S. computer expertise,
  air travel are all in English (heritage of the
  British empire)
• 5) cultural, e.g., movies, music
• U.S. movies 83 of global cinema box-office
  revenues
• U.S. software is so popular that much of it is
  illegally copied in countries like China, India,
  Russia, and Brazil.

9
Galtungs Center-Periphery Model
10
(No Transcript)
11
ExtraGaltungs Center-Periphery Model

• Summary of US Imperialism in Latin America
• Mexico lost about half its territory to the
  United States in the war of 1846-48. Only 11 of
  the Mexicans have mainly a favorable view USA.
  Cubans resent the United States ever since 1898,
  when their hard- and long-fought war of
  independence against Spain was stolen from them
  by the yanquis in the Spanish-American War.
• The United States had made some 30 military
  interventions in and around the Caribbean by the
  early 20th century, many of them under Smedley
  Butler, a marine corps general, who summed up his
  career and the attitude of the USA government
• I helped make Honduras right for American
  fruit companies in 1903. I helped make Mexico
  safe for American oil interests in 1914. I helped
  make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the
  National City Bank boys to collect revenues in. I
  helped in the raping of half a dozen Central
  American republics for the benefit of Wall
  Street. I helped purify Nicaragua for the
  international banking house of Brown Brothers in
  1909-12. I brought light to the Dominican
  Republic for American sugar interests in 1916.