The Russian Revolution

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The Russian Revolution

• meets Animal Farm

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FABLE

• A short moral story
• Often with animal characters
• Deliberately false or improbable, often includes
  unusual or improbable incidents

It struck me that if only such animals became
aware of their strength, we should have no power
over them, and that men exploit animals in much
the same way as the rich exploit the
proletariat. --George Orwell
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Satire
SATIRE

• Intentional degrading of a subject or subjects
  for a comic or dramatic effect
• Uses laughter as a weapon

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Allegory Characters make sense on a literal
level, but are designed to represent other
characters, settings, and events.
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George Orwell Eric Blair

• The British author George Orwell achieved
  prominence in the late 1940's as the author of
  two brilliant satires attacking totalitarianism
  Animal Farm and 1984. These novels, as well as
  documentaries, essays, and criticism he wrote
  during the 1930s, established him as one of the
  most important and influential voices of the
  century.

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In the beginning, we meet
Old Major

• philosopher
• well respected
• Man consumes without producing
• Dream of earth as it will be when Man has
  vanished

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Karl Marxs theories are called Marxism

• Marx believed
• Utopian society could be created by eliminating
  social classes
• To this end, the government should own the land
  and its wealth.
• Everyone would work hard because everyone would
  get a fair reward.
• There would be no rich and no poor.

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Marxism turned into Socialism

• Government controlled business/economy
• Owned by all (paid for with taxes)
• Government provides goods and services to meet
  all citizen needs

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In the world at this time
At the beginning of the Twentieth Century, Europe
and America had evolved into modern industrial
states.
Russia remained a very agrarian, farming economy
under the absolute authority of the Czar.
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The Czar and his wealthy nobles owned most of the
land. Peasants lived and died with no hope of a
better future.
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Revolution Breaks Out Soldiers Citizens Unite
(317)
'Working people arise!' - the Russian
Revolution's idealized self-image by painter V
SEROV.
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Marxism broke off into two factions, or groups
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LeninLenin takes control (501)

• Marxist
• The life of the worker is misery--he is
  exploited by the capitalist and he never enjoys
  the full benefits of his labor.
• It is true that liberty is precious-- so
  precious that it must be rationed.
• Educated elite should govern.
• Sought industrialization of Russia.

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Nicholas Abdicates Thrown (302)

• There was a great unrest among the people and a
  large opposition against the Czar. Among the
  opposition were Communist Bolshevicks led by
  Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky.

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The Romanovs are killed (250)
On July 17, 1918, the Czar, his wife, Alexandra,
their five children and four family attendants
were herded into a cellar room by their Bolshevik
captors and killed in fusillade of bullets and
stabs of bayonets. His daughter was named
Anastasia sound familiar?
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Rule under LeninLenins Rebuilding of Russia
(236)Civil War International Involvement
(710)The New Soviet State (410)

• Took control in 1917, renamed party Communist
• Civil War from 1918-1920 between the Bolsheviks
  and opposition (included the Mensheviks)
• Talented debater, brilliant organizer
• Became a dictator to get things done
• Set up secret police, created New Economic Policy
• NEP led to economic prosperity for peasants
• Sought global preeminence
• Wanted Russia to be an industrial strength
• Leon Trotsky was his top military man

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Leon Trotsky

• Charismatic-- great leader
• believed in true Marxism
• Organized the Red Army under Lenin and won the
  Civil War
• Believed in slow industrialization

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Snowball is a combination of Lenin and Trotsky
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During this time, another man was quietly gaining
power behind the scenes. His name was Josef
Stalin.
While Lenin and Trotsky concentrated on the World
War I, Stalin began to gather support in the
Communist Party. Stalin knew that Trotsky had
made many enemies, and he used this knowledge to
form alliances that would help him in the future.
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Lenin died in 1923.

• Trotsky assumed power.
• Stalin used his allegiances to defeat Trotsky
• Stalin ridiculed Trotskys including his ideas of
  collectivization of agriculture
• Stalin later incorporated these ideas and claimed
  credit himself
• Ended the NEP in 1928 because it was too slow
• Forced Trotsky into exile in 1929 (in 1940
  Trotsky was hiding in Mexico and was assassinated
  by Stalins secret police)
• Stalin executed complete totalitarian control and
  immediately began to purge his former allies

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Stalin man of steelJoseph Stalin (446)

• Marxist
• Hated capitalism
• Dictator
• Took power in 1929
• Wanted quick industrialization for Socialism
• collectivization of agriculture-- government owns
  all farmland

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Napoleon
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Collectivization
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The Failure of Marxism under Stalin

• Peasants opposed the seizure of their land
• They destroyed their own property and killed farm
  animals to resist
• People were killed, sent to forced labor camps or
  deported without any money
• Stalin declared war by starvation

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Totalitarianism The Purges
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Stalins Reign of Terror

• 1934-1938 second Bolshevik revolution
• The Great Purge
• 2/3 of the governing class was murdered
• arrests, accusations, torture, executions, labor
  camps
• wiped out the possibility of opposition

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Stalin Befriends the Enemy
Foreign Policy clip

• Stalin Hitlers representative signing the
  Stalin-Hitler pact at the Kremlin

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Hitlers betrayal Operation Barbarossa

• Codename for Axis powers Nazi invasion of
  Soviet Union
• Largest military operation in history
• 5.5 million troops covered 1,800 miles of front
• Resulted in the weakening of Germany and
  ultimately ended WWII

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Another totalitarian regime
"All propaganda has to be popular and has to
adapt its spiritual level to the perception of
the least intelligent of those towards whom it
intends to direct itself." -Adolf Hitler, Mein
Kampf ("My Struggle"), Vol. I
Adolf Hitler National Socialist Workers Party
Hitler Biography (615)
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Every Communist must grasp the truth "Political
power grows out of the barrel of a gun."
--"Problems of War and Strategy" (November 6,
1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 224.
Chairman Mao Peoples Republic of China
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Chairman Mao is the red sun of our hearts.
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Saddam Hussein
Iraqi propaganda appeals to the basic elements
that are common throughout Iraq and other Arab
countries - nationalism, religion, and morality.
Utilizing those elements as a base, the Iraqi
propaganda machine makes every effort to depict
the United States as an enemy that is opposed to
all that is good and sacred. The resulting
portrait of America is not a pretty picture to
Arab eyes.
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Propaganda

• Always attempts to control what people do and
  THINK
• Always serves a purpose to the speaker
• Might falsify the truth completely
• May distort the truth by appealing to emotions
  rather than to reason

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ORWELL

• Believed that certain political types exist in
  any society. The various animals on the farm
  represent not only the players in the Russian
  Revolution, but these political types.

• Believed the common man, the worker, was the most
  important member of society but gets the least
  recognition.

WHICH ANIMAL ARE YOU????