Good Morning/Afternoon

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Good Morning/Afternoon

• 10-1-09
• Warm-up
• What is a revolution? Describe the various ways
  revolutions can begin. List as many revolutions
  that come to mind.

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The Development of Democracy In England

• (Prologue Section 3 P. 17-21)

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King Henry II

• King of England (r. 1154-1189)
• Gifted king, considered one of the great
  statesmen of the 12th century

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Jury Trial

• One of King Henry IIs (1154-1189) greatest
  achievements
• A judge would seek the counsel of 12 male
  citizens of the area before deciding guilt or
  innocence

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Common Law

• Over time England developed Common Law legal
  system it was common to all of England, not just
  particular areas
• These were established laws, procedures, and
  legal codes that came to be universally accepted
  (not just up to a king or lord to decide rules
  and laws)

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Magna Carta (1215)
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Magna Carta 1215 (Cont)

• King John I fought costly unsuccessful wars with
  France
• These wars led to raised taxes in England
• Angry English nobles rebelled and forced John to
  recognize their political and civil rights

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Magna Carta 1215 (Cont)

• They wrote these demands down and called it the
  Magna Carta (Great Charter in Latin)

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Magna Carta to Bill of Rights Comic Strip75
Points
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Good Morning/Afternoon

• 10-2-09
• Warm-up
• Name 2 of King Henry IIs achievements while he
  was King of England.
• In the 13th century 80 to 90 percent of people
  could not read or write. How could you get
  important information to your people without
  going out to speak at every town?

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Magna Carta 1215 (Cont)

• Guaranteed that English monarchs could not rule
  any way they wanted
• Guaranteed that English subjects (people) had
  rights under the law
• Limited the power of the king over all of his
  subjects

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• Guaranteed that the law had to operate in an
  orderly way that everyone knew about (called Due
  Process)
• Guaranteed that the English king could not
• rule any way he wanted
• Was a contract between the English King and his
  subjects

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Parliament

• Englands national legislature (elected law
  makers who discuss, and vote on potential laws
  work with the king)

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Parliament (Cont)

• 1295 King Edward I (Johns grandson) wanted to
  raise taxes for another war with France
• he called together rich nobles and lesser town
  leaders to discuss ways to pay for the war
• This meeting called Model Parliament
• Parliament limited the monarchs power and gave
  English male citizens some way to have
  representation in government

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By the mid 1300s Englands Parliament divided
into two houses

• House of Lords
• more powerful group in Parliament
• made of rich nobles and bishops

• House of Commons
• less powerful group
• made up of local town leaders and less wealthy
  prominent citizens

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• Complete question 4 on page 21.
• Write a ¾ page letter to King John. In the letter
  you need to argue for or against accepting the
  Magna Carta. Tell the king the advantages and
  disadvantages of agreeing to the demands of the
  nobles.

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Divine Right
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Divine Right

• 1600S European kings claimed that God had chosen
  them to rule with absolute power over their
  subjects
• ? These kings argued they were responsible to God
  alone, and did not have to answer to the people

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King James I (1566-1625)
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King James I (cont)

• From Scotland
• ?became king of England
• ? James I did not know much about Englands laws,
  procedures, and customs He clashed with
  Parliament a lot!

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(No Transcript)
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King James I 3 Conflicts

• 1. Church
• Puritans were trying to change Church of England,
  to make it less like Catholic Church
• As King, James was leader of Church of England
  and did not want his religious power limited

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• 2. MONEY
• James wanted more money
• Queen Elizabeth left James a large debt
• James wanted more money for himself and to wage
  war

• Parliament refused to raise taxes
• James ignored Parliament and tried to raise taxes
  any way

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• 3. COURTS
• James used his own personal courts and judges to
  administer justice
• He ignored Common Law and Due Process

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Good Morning/Afternoon
9-23-08 Warm-up Whats Up Wednesday
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King Charles I (r. 1625-1649)
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King Charles I (cont)

• Charles became King 1625 when his father James I
  died
• ? Charles asked Parliament for money in 1628
• ? In exchange for the money, Parliament demanded
  that King Charles accept the Petition of Right

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Good Morning/Afternoon

• 9-24-08
• Warm-up
• Whats Up Wednesday

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Petition of Right

• Demanded King put an end to taxing with out
  Parliaments permission

• Demanded King put an end to housing troops in
  citizens homes

• Demanded King put an end to imprisoning citizens
  illegally

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King Charles I Big Mistakes!!

• King Charles I signed the document to get the
  money, but later ignored the promises
• 1629 King Charles dismissed Parliament
• 1640 Scots invade England, Charles forced to
  recall Parliament to get money to defend the
  country

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English Civil War 1642
Anti-Royalists won They were led by Oliver
Cromwell (King Charles I was Beheaded in 1649)

• Royalists
• (supported English Monarchy)

• Anti-Royalists (supported English Parliament)

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Commonwealth of England

• ? Established under Oliver Cromwell
• Cromwell ruled England as a dictator

• He wanted to set up religious, social, and
  economic reforms
• He urged Parliament to put his reforms in place
• Parliament resisted
• 1653 Cromwell dissolved Parliament

• ? Cromwell created a new government called The
• Protectorate He named himself Lord Protector (he
  became military dictator of England) He dies
  1658 everyone happy!

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The Restoration1659 Cromwells son Richard took
over as Lord Protector
He continued to be unpopular
1660 A new Parliament then decided to restore
the monarchy (have a king again)
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The Restoration (cont)

• ? Parliament invited Charles Stuart (son of
• King Charles I) to come from France and become
• Englands king (King Charles II r. 1660-1685)
• ? This is The Restoration
• ? Under King Charles II Parliament kept the
  powers it
• gained the previous 2 decades

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Habeas Corpus
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Good Morning/Afternoon

• 9-25-08
• Warm-up
• Homework Check
• 1. Letter to the King/Magna Carta
• 2. Pg. 9, 2-4
• 3. Pg. 16, 1-4

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Glorious Revolution 1689

• ? Charles II dies 1685
• ? his brother King James II takes over as king
  (Catholic, believed in Divine Right)
• ? The people wanted James daughter Mary to take
  over when he died
• because she was Protestant (Christian, but
  not Catholic)
• ?1689 Parliament withdraws support for King James
  II and offers the throne to James Protestant
  daughter Mary
• (Youre Fired!!!)

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Glorious Revolution 1689 (cont)

• ? 1689 Parliament crowns William and Mary
  co-rulers of England
• ? Turning point in Englands history
• ? Proves that power is now in
• the hands of Parliament,
• not the king!

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Constitutional Monarchy

• ? England was now a Constitutional Monarchy a
  kingdom with a
• constitution to check the powers of the king
  and protect the rights of
• the citizens
• ? Powers of the ruler are restricted by a
  constitution and the laws of the country
• ? Parliament could impose its will on the
  monarchs

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English Bill of Rights 1689

• limited the power of the monarch

• protected free speech in Parliament

?Monarch could not raise an army during
peacetime without Parliaments permission
?Cruel and unusual punishment were forbidden
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English Bill of Rights 1689

• Bill of Rights
• a list of freedoms and rights that all
• English citizens were guaranteed to have
• no matter who the leader was

• protected free speech in Parliament

• Monarch could not raise an army during
• peacetime without Parliaments permission

• Monarch forbidden from taxing with out
  Parliaments permission

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Englands Legacy
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Conclusion

• This process began with the Magna Carta (1215)
  and was fully in place with the Bill of Rights
  (1689)
• Bill of Rights set an example for American
  colonies when they decided to rebel almost 100
  years later

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Primary Source, from The Princeby Niccolo
Machiavelli