The Ancient Egyptians

1
Egypt and Mesopotamia
2
ENVIRONMENT

• What do we know about the environment of ancient
  Egypt and Mesopotamia?

3
A View of Egypt by Satellite
4
The Fertile Nile Valley
5
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
6
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
7
The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East The Cradle of Civilization
8
GOVERNMENT

• How did the environment of Egypt and Mesopotamia
  influence the development of political systems?

9
Menes Unifier of Upper Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
10
Sargon of AkkadThe Worlds First Empire
Akkadians
11
The Babylonian Empires
12
Hammurabis r. 1792-1750 B. C. E. Code
13
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• How did the environment influence the development
  of social systems in ancient Egypt and
  Mesopotamia?

14
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
15
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
16
Egyptian Nobility
17
An Egyptian Womans Must-Haves
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
18
Egyptian Priestly Class
19
Egyptian Scribe
20
Sumerians
21
Mesopotamian Trade
The Cuneiform World
22
Sumerian Cylinder Seals
23
WRITING SYSTEMS

• How did the environment of Egypt and Mesopotamia
  influence the development of writing systems?

24
Papyrus ? Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Papyrus Plant
25
Champollion the Rosetta Stone
26
Hieroglyphic Cartouche
27
Hieroglyphics Alphabet
24 letters 700 phonetic symbols
28
Egyptian Math Draftsmenship

1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
29
Cuneiform Wedge-Shaped Writing
30
Cuneiform Writing
31
Deciphering Cuneiform
32
Sumerian Scribes
Tablet House
33
Babylonian Math
34
Babylonian Numbers
35
RELIGION

• How did the environment influence the religious
  beliefs and practices of the ancient Egyptians
  and Mesopotamians?

36
Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut
37
Egyptian Gods GoddessesThe Sacred Trinity
Osiris Isis
Horus
38
Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead persons heart against a
feather.
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
39
Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen
6. Natron2. Sawdust
7. Onion3. Lichen
8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax
9. Linen Pads5. Resin
10. Frankinsense
40
Preparation for the Afterlife
41
Egyptian Mummies
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C.
E.
42
Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on the Solar Bark.
A boat for the journey is provided for a dead
pharaoh in his tomb.
43
Egyptian Book of the Dead
44
The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus Osiris
45
Shabtis The Pharaohs Servants in the
Afterlife
46
Bent Pyramid of King Sneferu
47
Giza Pyramid Complex
48
The Valley of the Kings
49
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
50
King Tutankhamons Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
51
King Tutankhamon
52
King Tutankhamuns Tomb
53
The Valley of the Queens
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
1473-1458 B. C. E.
54
Ankhenaton First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
55
The Ankh The Cross of Life
56
Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic
Enki
Innana
Anthropomorphic Gods
57
Gilgamesh
58
Gilgamesh Epic TabletFlood Story
59
Ziggurat at Ur

• Temple
• Mountain of the Gods