Section 4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?

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Section 4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Ecosystem

• Biotic components
• Abiotic components
• Ecological interactions

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Habitat

• The area where an organism lives.
• Analogy - address

Yellow Rumped Warbler
Address coniferous forest
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Niche

• The place the organism occupies in the food web
• Includes type of food, how it gets food, who uses
  it as food, how it reproduces.
• Analogy - occupation

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Figure 4-5 Three Species of Warblers and Their
Niches
Section 4-2
Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of
branches near the top of the tree
Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of
the tree
Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of
the tree and at the bases of the middle branches
Spruce tree
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Community Interactions

• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

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Competition

• Resources in use at same place at same time
• Individuals of the same species often compete
• The habitat can be partitioned through time or
  space

Kit Fox
Burrowing Owl
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Predation

• When one organism feeds on another

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Symbiosis

• Mutualism both benefit
• Commensalism one benefits, the other neither
  helped nor harmed
• Parasitism one benefited, one harmed

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Succession

• Primary from nothing to climax community

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