The Chemical Context of Life

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The Chemical Context of Life
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Definitions

• Matter
• Element
• Essential
• Trace
• Molecule
• Compound

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Definitions

• Molecule or Compound????

• Oxygen
• NaCl or Water?

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Atom Structure

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

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Periodic Table
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Atom Structure

• Atomic number
• Mass number
• Atomic weight

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Isotopes

• Radiometric Dating
• Tracers

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Chernobyl

• April 26 1986
• extensive parts of the western Soviet Union,
  Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe,
  and eastern North America
• Nearly thirty to forty times more fallout was
  released than had been by the atomic bombings of
  Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Direct Deaths 56

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Three Mile Island

• March 28 1979
• partial core meltdown in Unit 2 of the nuclear
  power plant
• release of a significant amount of radioactivity,
  an estimated 43,000 curies of radioactive krypton
  (1.59 PBq), but under 20 curies (740 GBq) of the
  particularly hazardous iodine-131, to the
  environment.
• no deaths or injuries

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Hershey
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Microwaves
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Energy Levels
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Electron Shells
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Bonding

• Covalent Bonding
• Nonpolar
• Polar
• Ionic Bonding
• Hydrogen Bonding
• Van der Waals Interactions
• Hydrophobic Interactions

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Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
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Polar Covalent Bonds
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Ionic Bonds

• Cation
• Anion

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Hydrogen Bonds
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Van der Waals

• The weak bonds that exist between molecules but
  are masked by other stronger bonds. They are
  evident only in symmetrical molecules or at very
  low temperatures.

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Hydrophobic Interactions
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Water
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Water Structure

• Polar Covalent Bonds
• Hydrogen Bonds

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Water Properties

• Adhesion
• Cohesion
• Surface Tension

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Water Properties

• Surface Tension Basilisk (Jesus) Lizard

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Water Properties
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Water Properties

• High Specific Heat

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Water Properties

• High Specific Heat

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Water Properties

• High Heat of Vaporization

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Water Properties

• Expands when freezing

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Water Properties

• Universal Solvent

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Solutions

• Solute Solvent Solution

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pH Scale

• Acid
• Base

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Richter Scale
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Acid Precipitation
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Acid Precipitation
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Acid Precipitation
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Ocean Acidification
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Buffers