BUSINESS and TECHNOLOGY

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BUSINESS and TECHNOLOGY

• Chapter 11

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS

• Computers in Society
• Computers process store receipts, test scores,
  and sports statistics
• Computers in business are used to store, process,
  and report information
• Computers are used to design factories, control
  traffic patterns, and measure medical test
  results for hospital patients.
• Nearly every business uses some type of computer.

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ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

• Four basic components make up a computer system
• Input Device
• Processing Unit
• Memory and Storage
• Output Device
• The physical elements are called hardware. The
  instructions that run the computer system are
  called software.

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COMPUTER NETWORKS

• Computers that are linked together in a computer
  network in places such as in a business or a
  school
• Organizations link computer together so users can
  share hardware, software, and data

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COMPUTER NETWORKS

• The Internet is most often used for two
  activities
• The exchange of e-mail
• Accessing the World Wide Web (WWW)
• Allows computer users to access information on
  almost every topic
• The Web uses text, images, hyperlinks, graphics,
  frames, animation, video, and audio
• Is an extensive
• information source

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COMPUTER NETWORKS

• Intranet
• A local computer network
• An organizations private computer network
• A smaller version of the Internet
• Only members or employees can utilize an intranet
• Only accessible to authorized users
• Primary use is to share information

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INPUT and PROCESSING

• Input Getting Started
• Data entered with an input device
• Keyboard/monitor
• Mouse
• Controllers and joysticks
• Touch-sensitive screens
• Light pens
• Scanners
• Voice-activated systems
• Microphones and cameras

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INPUT and PROCESSING

• Processing Making Things Happen
• Processing happens in the central processing unit
  (CPU), which is the control center of the
  computer
• The CPU is the brain of a computer system and
  consists of tiny wafers or chips that carry
  instructions and data using electronic pulses

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INPUT and PROCESSING

• Processing Making Things Happen
• Program
• The most common way to give instructions to a
  computer
• A series of detailed, stop-by-step instructions
  that tell the computer what functions to complete
• Computer Language
• The format of a computer program is a computer
  language
• A system of letters, words, numbers, and symbols
  used to communicate with a computer

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INPUT and PROCESSING

• Processing Making Things Happen
• Operating System Software
• Translates commands and allows application
  programs to interact with the computers hardware
• Most commonly used operating system is Windows
• Application Software
• Refers to programs that perform specific tasks
  such as word processing, database management, or
  accounting

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INPUT and PROCESSING

• Processing Making Things Happen
• Application Software
• The most commonly used application software
• Word processing
• Desktop Publishing
• Database Software
• Spreadsheet
• Presentation Software

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MEMORY and OUTPUT

• Memory and Storage Saving for Later
• Memory within the computer is also called
  internal (or primary) storage
• During processing, both the program and any data
  entered with an input device are stored in memory
• Memory capacity is measured using terms such as
  bit, nibble, byte, and kilobyte (K)
• It would take a 1K computer to store the
  information on an average page in your textbook

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MEMORY and OUTPUT

• Memory and Storage Saving for Later
• External (auxiliary) Storage
• Primary storage cannot hold all of the programs
  and all of the data needed by computer users.
• External storage that is not part of memory is
  available for storing both programs and the data
• Hard disk built into the computer
• CDs
• DVDs
• Magnetic tapes
• Flash memory sticks

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MEMORY and OUTPUT

• Output Obtaining Results
• Output devices present data in a form that can be
  retrieved later or may be communicated
  immediately
• Four common types of output
• Text output
• Graphics output
• Audio output
• Video output

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BUSINESS APPLICATIONS of TECHNOLOGY

• Management Information Systems (MIS)
• An ordered system of processing and reporting
  information in an organization
• Computer systems and software are essential parts
  of management information systems

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BUSINESS APPLICATIONS of TECHNOLOGY

• Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Components of an MIS
• Gathering data
• Analyzing data
• Storing data
• Reporting results
• Obtain information in four main categories
• Financial
• Production and inventory
• Marketing and sales
• Human resources

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BUSINESS APPLICATIONS of TECHNOLOGY

• Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Data Sources
• External outside the company
• Financial institutions
• Government agencies
• Customers
• Internal from within the organization
• Accounting records
• Inventory information
• Company sales figures

While gathering raw data may be an easy task,
changing these facts and figures into meaningful
information is the major goal of an MIS.
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BUSINESS APPLICATIONS of TECHNOLOGY

• Management Information Systems (MIS)
• The MIS in Action the operation of the MIS
  involves the following steps
• Identify the information needs of the
  organization
• Obtain facts, figures, and other data
• Process, analyze, and organize data in a useful
  manner
• Distribute information reports to those who make
  decisions
• Update data files as needed

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TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES

• Public Service
• Government agencies use computers to keep records
• Federal workers and military personnel
• Police and school records
• Education
• Training and testing
• Word processing
• Computerized simulators
• Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
• Information Technology (IT) training in the
  workplace continues to grow

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TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES

• Health Care
• Used in hospitals and medical facilities
• Patient records
• Monitor medications during surgery
• telemedicine
• Financial Services
• Paying bills online
• Checking your credit report
• Selling stocks and bonds
• Smart cards

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E-COMMERCE

• E-Commerce refers to conducting business
  transactions using the Internet or other
  technology.
• Common e-commerce activities
• Providing product information
• Promoting a company
• Selling online
• Conducting market research
• Making payments
• Obtaining parts and supplies
• Tracking shipments

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E-COMMERCE

• Types of E-Commerce
• Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
• Business-to-Business (B2B)
• Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
• Global E-commerce
• Importing and exporting
• Settling payments
• Videoconferencing

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OTHER TECHNOLOGY ISSUES

• Workplace Technology
• Robotics
• Involves mechanical devices programmed to do
  routine tasks -- factories
• Expert Systems
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is software that
  enables computers to reason, learn, and make
  decisions
• Medical software
• Financial planning
• Legal matters

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OTHER TECHNOLOGY ISSUES

• Workplace Technology
• Computer-Aided Design
• Refers to the use of technology to create product
  styles and designs
• Allows you to experiment with many variations
  before spending time and money building a model
  or going into production
• Telecommuting
• Activities of a worker using a computer at home
  to do a job
• Saves travel time and costs

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HOME and PERSONAL TECHNOLOGY

• School and Homework
• Internet
• Word Processing
• Presentation software
• Home Robotics
• For repetitive choresvacuuming
• Toys and electronic devices to entertain and
  educate
• Household Record Keeping
• Shopping assistance
• Financial information
• Entertainment

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SOCIAL CONCERNS of TECHNOLOGY

• Employment Trends
• Elimination of jobs
• Displaced workers
• Computer literacy
• Health Concerns
• Eyestrain and vision problems
• Muscle tension and nerve damage

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SOCIAL CONCERNS of TECHNOLOGY

• Computer Crime
• White-collar crime
• Illegal acts carried out by office or
  professional workers while at work
• Piracy
• Piracy stealing or illegally copying software
  packages or information
• Computer Virus
• program code hidden in a system that can later do
  damage to software or stored data
• Privacy Concerns

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SOCIAL CONCERNS of TECHNOLOGY

• Privacy Concerns
• Password Protection
• Access Authority
• Identity Theft