Medieval Art

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Medieval Art

• Art
• Architecture
• Influence and purpose

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Early Churches 70 ADKing Herods Temple (not
Christian)
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Early Churches
These are actually the Dome of the Rock and the
Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, two of the holiest
places in Islam.
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Early Churches 230 ADQ What is the make up of
FRESCO medium? A Mixing dry pigment with
plaster to paint onto a wall.
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Early Christian House 230 AD
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Roman basilica 324 AD
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Early Roman Church

• Early Christian Architecture basilical church
  developed from Roman secular basilica
  centralized type from Roman tombs. Basilical plan
  modified for liturgical requirements
  congregation and clergy segregated in nave and
  aisles vs. transept and apse (the place of
  magistrate). Different variants in East and West.
  

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In the Early Roman Church

• In Rome, classical marble wall membering and
  vocabulary, and emphasis on massive wall,
  gradually replaced by broad, flat surfaces,
  evenly lighted plain brick exteriors mosaic
  bands of interiors. Long planes with little
  articulation, either horizontal or vertical.

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Early Christian basilica
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Central Plan

• Eastern Europe
• Designed after Roman Temples like the Pantheon.
• Eventually these were transformed into Mosques
  for Islamic worshipers

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Central Plan Example Interior
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Basilica Plan

• Design eventually symbolizes the cross.
• Roman influence
• Western Europe
• Q How does the architecture reflect the
  Medieval culture?
• A The entire floor plan represents the cross
  that Jesus died on for the remission of sins.

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Early Christian basilica

• Basilicas were also adapted to the function as
  audience halls as part of palace complexes. A
  good example of this is presented by the Palace
  Basilica of Constantine in the northern German
  town of Trier

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Early Christian basilica

• Constantine and his Church planners also needed
  an architecture that had meaning in the Roman
  world. Totally new architectural forms would not
  be as effective as architectural forms that
  carried meaning. This led to use of category of
  Roman building known as the Basilica. Roman
  basilicas served places for public gatherings
  law courts, financial centers, army drill halls,
  reception rooms in imperial palaces. Roman cities
  would regularly have a Basilica as a central
  public building. It was, like our City Hall, a
  center of public power.

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Notre Dame From the rear
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Notre Dame

• Gargoyle (From French word gargouille which
  means throat or pipe.
• Much more organic style compared to Roman
  architecture.
• Q What type of lines were used to design these
  gargouilles?
• A Organic lines were used to design theses
  gargouilles.

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Notre Dame

• Flying buttresses
• Used to keep building standing
• And as a gutter system as well.
• With the gargoyle at the end of each.

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The Flying Buttresses Gothic Churches

• Acting as a brace as well as a gutter system.

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The Interior of Notre Dame
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The Interior of Notre Dame
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Older and Newer
                                                                                         
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The Interior of Notre Dame
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Notre Dame

• Notice the images on the outside.
• Relief Sculptures surround all the doors.
• Narrative in Purpose

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Notre Dame DetailThe Last Judgement
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Notre Dame DetailThe Last Judgement

• Q What is this particular sculpting medium
  called when its not completely 3/Dimensional?
• A This type of sculpture is call RELIEF
  SCULPTURE, where you only sculpt a raised image
  on a mostly flat panel.

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Notre Dames Facade
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Compare the two
Which design has the most Geometric Lines and
Forms in it's design?
The Greek design has the most simple and the most
Geometric lines in its' design, when compared to
Notre Dame.
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By Comparison

• Both create pattern, but Early Roman style
  appears more GEOMETRIC.
• Gothic seemed to be more focused on fine DETAILS
  and sculptures as part of their design and more
  ORGANIC.

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Medieval/Gothic Style

• Images (mosaics) on the ceiling and the walls
• Narrative in purpose
• Reflecting the religious beliefs of the culture.