Chapter 20: The Conservative Order

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Chapter 20 The Conservative Order the
Challenges of Reform 1815-1832
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Section 1 The Challenges of Nationalism
Liberalism

• What were the goals of the 1815 Congress of
  Vienna?
• What were the five isms that emerged in the
  19th century?
• How was it that it was in fact nationalists who
  actually created nations in the 19th century?
• What role did/does nationalism play in the
  foundation of nationalism?
• What were the goals of nationalists? What
  difficulties did nationalists confront when
  trying to realize these goals?
• Why was nationalism a special threat to the
  Austrian Russian Empires? What other European
  powers faces nationalistic pressure in the years
  1815-1832?

Giuseppe Mazzini
Daniel OConnor
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Section 1 The Challenges of Nationalism
Liberalism

• What were the tenants of 19th century European
  liberalism?
• Who were the liberals, how did liberalism
  affect the political developments of the early
  19th century
• What were the political goals of 19th century
  European liberals?
• Although liberals wanted broader political
  participation, they did not advocate democracy.
  Why?
• What were the economic goals of century European
  liberals?

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Section 2 Conservative Governments The Domestic
Political Outlook

• What were the three major pillars of 19th century
  European conservatism?
• Who epitomized 19th century European
  conservatism?
• Why, following 1815, did conservative aristocrats
  feel as if they were always on the defensive?
  What does the term reactionary mean?
• What difficulties did the conservative régimes of
  Austria, Prussian, Russia face after 1815?
• What were the Carlsbad Decrees?

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Section 2 Conservative Governments The Domestic
Political Outlook

• What were the 1819 Six Acts? What was the
  overall goal of the Six Acts?

Prime Minister Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Wellington
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Section 2 Conservative Governments The Domestic
Political Outlook

• To what extent did the Charter of 1814 accept the
  changes of the French Revolution and the
  Napoleonic era?
• What was ultraroyalism? What did Charles X hope
  to accomplish?

King Louis XVIII
The Count of Artois,the future King Charles X
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Section 3 The Conservative International Order

• What was the Concert of Europe? Who were the
  major powers that took part in the Concert?
• What were the goals of the Concert? Did the
  Concert uphold the ideals of the Congress of
  Vienna system?
• What nations were in the Holy Alliance? What did
  the Holy Alliance stand for? What was it against?
• What action was taken by the Congress of Troppau
  under Metternichs leadership when Naples was
  overthrown by revolutionaries? What was the
  reaction of Tsar Alexander I?
• What actions did the Congress decided to take at
  the Verona conference in 1822? What was not done
  that was a departure from past international
  actions?

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Section 3 The Conservative International Order

• What was the Eastern Question? What were the
  specific interests that the Congress/Concert
  powers had in Ottoman affairs?

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Section 3 The Conservative International Order

• By 1830, how had European political ambitions
  the ideas of liberalism nationalism begun to
  undermine the Ottoman Empire?
• Why was Greece able to win its independence from
  the Ottomans in 1829-1830?

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Section 3 The Conservative International Order

• Why did the Ottoman Empire willingly grant Serbia
  its independence in 1830?
• What member of the Holy Alliance declared itself
  the formal protector or Serbia? Why?

Miloš Obrenovic 1st Prince of Serbia
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Section 5 The Conservative Order Shaken in Europe

• What was the impact of the Decembrist Revolt in
  Russia after the death of Tsar Alexander I in
  1825?
• What was Tsar Nicholas Is policy of Orthodoxy,
  Autocracy, Nationalism? Was this slogan the
  embodiment of the Slavic Revival?
• Why did Belgiums revolt win independence in 1830
  for Belgium but the 1830 Polish revolt did not
  achieve the same for Poland?

You can be the Tsar
No, reallyyou be the Tsar
WOULD SOMEONE PLEASE BE THE TSAR!
Constantine
Nicholas
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The Decembrist Uprising - 1825
Orthodoxy! Autocracy! Nationalism!
Nicholas I
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Section 5 The Conservative Order Shaken in Europe

• Why did the July Ordinances of Charles X in 1830
  lead to revolt by the republicans the
  abdication of the king?
• Why was King Louis- Philippe acceptable to both
  the Chamber of Deputies (controlled by the upper
  bourgeoisie) and the republicans who led the 1830
  revolt?

Coat of Arms of Louis-Philippe
Louis-Philippe, King of the French
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Section 5 The Conservative Order Shaken in Europe

• 1830 Belgium revolts against the Netherlands and
  becomes the Kingdom of Belgium. The new King of
  Belgium, Leopold, is installed because he was the
  uncle of Britains Queen Victoria and married the
  daughter of Frances Louis-Philippe.

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• In order to establish a buffer between France and
  Germany, the Congress of Vienna created a kingdom
  of the Netherlands by combining Holland and
  Belgium (the latter the former Austrian
  Netherlands). Belgium chafed under Dutch rule,
  however, and in 1830 the Catholic nobility and
  the middle-class liberals joined forces in an
  insurrection that resulted in the creation of the
  independent state of Belgium. Here, the two
  countries are caricatured as dogs on the same
  leash, Belgium resisting the constraint of
  Holland.

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Section 5 The Conservative Order Shaken in Europe

• What two factors contributed to Britain avoiding
  revolution in the 1830s?
• Why did Prime Ministers Grey Peel push through
  the 1829 Catholic Emancipation Act?
• What changes did the 1832 Great Reform Bill make
  to the British electorate?

Lord Grey