Abiotic Disorders

1
Abiotic Disorders

• Read Chapter 9
• OBJECTIVES OF ABIOTIC DISEASES
• At the end of this section students should be
  able to
• 1) Know and understand the types of tree injuries
  caused by abiotic disorders
• 2) Be able to discern the difference between
  abiotic and biotic diseases
• 3) Understand the patterns of abiotic injuries
  and how they occur
• 4) Know what the major air pollutants are and how
  they influence forest ecosystems
• 5) Understand how air pollutants are dispersed in
  the atmosphere
• 6) Understand the influence of nutrient
  deficiencies and toxicities on tree health
• 7) Be familiar with patterns of injuries caused
  by animals

2
Abiotic Disorders

• Pattern of injuries

3
Temperature Moisture Disorders

• High Temperatures
• Heat Defoliation
• Sunscald
• Winter Sunscald
• Heat Injury
• Birch Dieback

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Temperature Moisture Disorders

• Low Temperatures
• Frost Injury
• Frost Crack
• Frost shake

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Temperature Moisture Disorders

• Water Deficiencies
• Drought
• Winter Browning / Winter Drying / Red Belt

14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Temperature Moisture Disorders

• Water Excesses

19

• Nutrient Deficiencies Imbalances
• Iron Chlorosis

20
(No Transcript)
21
Abiotic Disorders

• Herbicide Chemical Disorders

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Abiotic Disorders

• Mechanical Injuries
• - Weather Events
• Animal Damage
• Construction / Landscaping

29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Porcupine Damage
Mouse / Mole / Vole Damage
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38
Abiotic Disorders

• AIR POLLUTION
• Types of Air Pollutants
• Primary Pollutants
• Secondary Pollutants
• Acid Rain
• Excess Nitrogen

39
AIR POLLUTION

• Primary Pollutants
• Sulfur Dioxide - SO2
• Hydrogen Fluorides - HF

40
AIR POLLUTION

• Secondary pollutants - Ozone O3
• NO2 sunlight NO O
• O O2 O3
• NO O2 NO3
• NO3 O2 NO2 O3
• NO2 and O3 in the atmosphere SMOG

41
Secondary pollutants

• PAN - Peroxyacetyl nitrate
• NO CH3-OH Sunlight CH3-COONO2

42
AIR POLLUTION

• Secondary Pollutants
• Acid Rain
• SO2 H2O H2SO4
• CO2 H2O H2CO3

43
AIR POLLUTION

• Secondary Pollutants
• Excess Nitrogen
• NO H2O NHO3

44
(No Transcript)
45
AIR POLLUTION

• Dispersion of Air Pollutants

46

• Damage Caused by Air Pollutants
• Sulfur dioxide
• Hydrogen fluoride

47
(No Transcript)
48
(No Transcript)
49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
(No Transcript)
54
Air pollution

• Damage Caused by Air Pollutants
• Ozone
• PAN

55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
(No Transcript)
59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
Air pollution

• Management of Air Pollutants
• Elimination of the source
• The use of resistant plant varieties
• The use of chemical protectants
• Forecasting air pollution episodes

62
Abiotic Disorders

• QUESTIONS TO ANSWER FOR ABIOTIC DISEASES
• Describe the general patterns of injury produced
  by abiotic factors.
• 2) Describe the steps necessary for you to tell
  if a tree had insect damage, a biological
  disease, a non-biological disease or animal
  damage.
• 3) Describe how temperature and moisture excesses
  influence tree health.
• What nutrient deficiencies are most likely to
  occur in forest trees?
• What are the three main sources of air pollutants
  affecting forests?
• 6) What do sulfur dioxide and ozone do to plants?
• 7) How does acid precipitation and excess
  nitrogen deposition influence forests?