Organisms II

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Organisms II
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Phylum Anthropoda

• Order Decapoda (Ten-Footed) Page 125
• Ex Shrimp, crabs, hermit crabs
• Most commercialized group of animals used as food
  source
• Suborder Anomora
• Ex Hermit Crab
• Peculiarly shaped tails
• Neither long or short
• Very muscular
• Distinctly shaped to coil in shell

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Phylum Anthropoda

• Suborder Brachyrea
• Ex Blue Crabs
• True Crabs
• Short tailed
• Reduced and often folded under body
• Order Stomatopoda (Mouth Footed) Page 126
• Ex Mantis Shrimp
• Order Isopoda
• Ex Rolly pollys
• Flatten top to bottom

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Spiny Skin
• Radial Symmetry
• Water vascular system
• Ability to regenerate
• Cl. Asteroidea
• Ex Starfish and Sea Stars
• Can have 5,6,7 40 arms (rays)
• Some species, such as the Sun Star (40 arms)
  destroy coral reefs

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Water Vascular System
• Path of water
• Sieve plate (Water Enters) Stone Canal
• Ring Canal Radial Canal Tube Feet
• Cl. Ophiuridea
• Ex Brittle Stars and Basket Stars
• Serpent-like tail
• Jointed arms
• One opening for anus and mouth

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Cl. Echinoidea
• Ex Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
• Mouth parts are unique feeding structures called
  Aristotle's Lantern
• Cl. Holothuroidea
• Ex Sea Cucumbers
• Most have crown of tentacles around mouth
• When threatened will ball up or eviscerate (throw
  up) its stomach to avoid predator
• Considered delicacy in some parts of the world

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Cl. Crinoidea
• Ex Sea Lilies
• Commonly called Sea feather or Feather star
• Starfish on a stick

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Phylum Bryozoans

• Ex Sea Moss

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Phylum Hemichordates

• Missing link
• Same basic developmental characteristics as
  chordates
• 90 Species, most Acorn Worms

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Phylum Chordata

• Have a nerve cord
• Have gill slits (pharyngeal)
• Notochord
• Backbone
• Subphylum Urochordata
• Tunicates
• Cl. Ascidiacea
• Ex Sea squirts
• Filter feeders
• Tadpole larvae

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Phylum Chordata

• Cl. Thaliacea
• Ex. Larvacea and salp Page 308
• Subphylum Cephalochordata
• Ex Lancelets and Amphioxus
• Lacks backbone
• Has all 3 characteristics

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Phylum Chordata

• Subphylum Vertebrata
• Chordates with backbone that enclose a nerve cord
  or spinal cord
• Also show bilateral symmetry
• Cl. Agnatha
• Jawless fish
• Ex Hag fish, lamprey
• Cl. Chondrichthyes
• Ex Sharks, rays
• Skeleton made from cartilage

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Phylum Chordata

• Cl. Osteichthyes
• Bony fish
• Skeleton of bone
• Largest group of living vertebrates

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• Movement produced by myomeres
• Fish and Shark Digestion System
• Food path Esophagus Stomach, Typically a
  curved J shape Intestine (Pyloric caecae)
• Sharks have spiral valve to increase digestion
• Circulatory System
• 2 Chambered heart
• Atrium or Auricle
• Ventricle

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• Fish Coloration
• Use color for camo
• Color is produced by special skin cells called
  chromatophores
• May also have structural color, which is
  reflective of some colors

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Fish Coloration

• Color can be used for
• Warning or advertisement
• Cryptic color
• Blends in with the enviroment
• Disruptive coloration
• Breaks up outline of fish
• Harder for predators to see
• Counter shading
• Dark top, light bottom

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Locomotion

• Reasons for locomotion
• Obtain food
• Escape
• Find mate
• Rhythmic side to side of body or tail

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Forms

• Triangular Ex Trunkfish
• Flat Fish (Side to side) Ex Spade
• Round Ex Porcupine
• Flat Fish (Rotated) Ex Sun Fish, Flounder
• Flat Fish (Top to Bottom) Ex Sea Moth, Skate
• Elongated (Stretched) Ex Pin fish
• Eel like Ex Eel
• Elongated (Top to Bottom) Ex Seahorse

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Jaws

• Anterior- Small mouth Ex Parrot Fish
• Anterior-Ventral- Bottom dweller Ex Catfish
• Dorsal- Filter feeder Ex Herring
• Forward- Ex Shark
• Spike tooth- Ex Marlins

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