AUTHORS:

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DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGESAPPLIED LINGUISTICS
IN ENGLISH PROGRAMDISTANCE LEARNING
EDUCATION
ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL

• AUTHORS
• GUILLERMO CAJAMARCA P.
• DARÍO GUERRERO SOLANO
• ADVISORS
• DIRECTOR Lcdo. Miguel Ponce, Msc.
• CO-DIRECTOR Lcdo. MARCOS V.
  MORALES
• OCTOBER 2009
• QUITO - ECUADOR

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
RESEARCH THEME
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTANCE
LEARNING EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT IN THE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH
PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS ATTENDING THE EIGHTH LEVEL
OF THE ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL, DURING
THE TERM OCTOBER 2008 MARCH 2009.
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
INTRODUCTION

• English as an international means of
  communication.
• Spoken 300 millions native speakers / 400-800
  millions foreign users
• What are the four basic language skills in
  English?

D I R E C T I O N OF C O
M M U N I C A T I
O N
MODE OF COMMUNICATION
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ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
PART ONE RESEARCH PROBLEM
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
PROBLEM SETTING

• WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTANCE
  LEARNING EDUCATION AND THE LANGUAGE SKILLS
  DEVELOPMENT ?

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
VARIABLES MATRIX
DEPENDENT VARIABLE ( Y)
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (X)
DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION
LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
READING SKILL
LISTENING SKILL
SPEAKING SKILL
WRITING SKILL
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
OBJECTIVES
Determine the level of learning in LSRW
through the CEF of Ref. for Language Method
Demonstrate if previous knowledge in
FLS, affects academic activity of the Ss.
Make a study on DLE and LSD using
Descriptive Statistics
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
OBJECTIVES
Carry out tests to know the Ss level of
mastery of the LS, got during their academic
years.
SPECIFIC
Encourage Ss to reach personal goals regarding
their Skills.
Identify acad. needs to suggest
possible changes in Curriculum Framework
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
JUSTIFICATION
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ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
PART TWO THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(X)
DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
DEPENDENT VARIABLE(Y)
LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS
FOUR BASIC PARTS THEY ARE ALL MADE UP OF
LISTENING SPEAKING READING WRITING
INTRINSICALLY LINKED
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
GIVE ATTENTION TO SOMEONE IN ORDER TO
HEAR THEM
LISTENING SKILL
HEARING
UNDERSTANDING
JUDGING

• Give opinion what speaker is saying.
• Can weigh the merits or demerits.

• Grasp the message in your own way .
• Verbal and nonverbal symbols crucial to
  understanding.

• Reception sounds.
• Listening enough to catch the speaker is saying.

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
CHARACTERISTICS OF
HUMAN BEINGS TO SAY WORDS OR USE THE
VOICE.
SPEAKING SKILL
INTERACTIVE
PARTIALLY -INTERACTIVE
NON-INTERACTIVE

• Interchange of
• conversation at any time.
• Clarification, repetition, ask/answer question

• Participation
• from time to time.
• Participation is conditional

• No intervention
• No conversation speakers and listeners

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ABILITY TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE FROM PRINT
READING SKILL
PHONEMIC AWARENESS
PHONICS (PHONEMES)
READING COMPREHENSION

• Reader intentionally and interactively engages
  with text.
• Understand and gain meaning from what has been
  read.

• Distinguish manipulate individual sounds.
• Hear and identify sounds in spoken words.

• Understand how letters combine to make sounds
  and words.
• Relationship Letters of written L., sounds of
  spoken L.

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
REPRESENTATION OF THE LANGUAGE BY
SIGNS OR SYMBOLS.
WRITING SKILL
CREATIVITY
INDEPENDENT
COMPREHENSIBILITY
Write text without help or assistance
Write, read and be understood by themselves and
others.
Write own ideas to read be understood.
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
HYPOTHESIS SYSTEM
HYPOTHESIS
WORKING HYPOTHESIS(Hi)
NULL HYPOTHESIS(Ho)
THE DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION DOES NOT AFFECT
THE LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT.
THE DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION DOES AFFECT THE
LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT.
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ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
PART THREE METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN

• 1) TYPE OF RESEARCH AND DESIGN
• RESEARCH
• Applied, descriptive, and of fielding
  investigation
• . Control and Experimental
• . Pre and Post Test.
• DESIGN
• Quasi-experimental, quantitative and transversal.

• 2) SIZE AND SAMPLE
• SIZE
• 20 students in last levels of the ALEP of the
  DLE-ESPE Term March 08-Oct 09.
• SAMPLE
• Whole population was considered as NO sample.

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN

• 4) INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION
• Pre test.
• Post test.

• FIELD WORK
• Support Center No.50 ALEP-DLE ESPE (Quito), Term
  Oct-008 Marc-009
• Control Group
• 10 students
• Experimental Group 10 students

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ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
PART FOUR TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS
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TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
GRAPHICAL EXPOSITION OF RESULTS
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EXAMPLES OF RESULTS OBTAINED ON THE TESTS
PRE TEST (LISTENING SKILL)
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM

• Question 3
• What will the weather be like?
• It is going to snow
• It is going to sun
• It is going to rain

RESPONSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
IT IS GOING TO SNOW 4 40
IT IS GOING TO SUN 3 30
IT IS GOING TO RAIN 3 30
TOTAL. 10 100
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PRE TEST (SPEAKING SKILL)
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
Parameter a) STRESS
INDICATORS FREQUENCY STRESS PERCENTAGE
EXCELLENT 0 0
VERY GOOD 4 40
GOOD 5 50
REGULAR 1 10
DEFICIENT 0 0
TOTAL.. 10 100

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EXAMPLES OF RESULTS OBTAINED ON THE TESTS
POST TEST (LISTENING SKILL)
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
Question 3 How much is the skirt?

RESPONSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A 7 70
B 2 20
C 1 10
TOTAL. 10 100
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POST TEST (SPEAKING SKILL)
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
Parameter a) STRESS

INDICATORS FREQUENCY STRESS PERCENTAGE
EXCELLENT 0 0
VERY GOOD 8 80
GOOD 2 20
REGULAR 0 00
DEFICIENT 0 00
TOTAL.. 10 100
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Interpretation of data
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP POST - TEST
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP PRE - TEST
x µ (x - µ) (x - µ)2
17.33 16.20 1.13 1.27
16.67 16.20 0.47 0.22
14.67 16.20 -1.53 2.34
14.67 16.20 -1.53 2.34
15.67 16.20 -0.53 0.28
17.67 16.20 1.47 2.16
15.67 16.20 -0.53 0.28
17.00 16.20 0.80 0.64
15.67 16.20 -0.53 0.28
17.00 16.20 0.80 0.64
162.02 10.45
x µ (x - µ) (x - µ)2
18.00 17.30 0.70 0.49
17.00 17.30 -0.30 0.09
16.67 17.30 -0.63 0.39
16.67 17.30 -0.63 0.39
17.33 17.30 0.03 0.009
17.67 17.30 0.37 0.13
16.67 17.30 -0.63 0.39
18.00 17.30 0.70 0.49
17.00 17.30 -0.30 0.09
18.00 17.30 0.70 0.49
173.01 2.96
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
CALCULATION OF THE ARITHMETIC MEAN
ARITMETHIC MEAN IN THE PRE-TEST
ARITMETHIC MEAN IN THE POST-TEST
SX 162.02/10 SX 173.01/10
16.20
17.30
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
We want to prove the significance of the
difference between both results, supported by the
hypothesis set in our project. Next, we test the
difference between means, also called margin of
error of the Test T to accept or reject the
hypothesis using the formula below
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
REPLACING DATA
CALCULATION OF T-REASON
Sx1-Sx2 0.38
The observed difference is -2.89
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
CALCULATION DEGREE OF FREEDOM (Dof)
The Degree of Freedom (Dof) is the number of
participants in the Experimental Group (n1) plus
the number of participants in the Control Group
(n2) minus 2.
Dof (n1n2 2) Dof (1010-2) Dof 18
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
CONSULT WITH THE T TABLE
IN THE LEVEL OF 0.05 AND WITH 18 DEGREES OF
FREEDOM, WE FOUND A T REASON OF 2.101 / -
2.101
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
WORKING HYPOTHESIS
WORKING HYPOTHESIS
-2.89
2.89
2.101
-2.101
THE RESULT OBTAINED IN T-REASON (-2.89) IS
HIGHER THAN (-2.101) AS DISPLAYED IN T-TABLE,
SO WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT, THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE TWO GROUPS IS SIGNIFICANT THEREFORE
THE NULL HYPOTHESIS (Ho) IS REJECTED, AND THE
WORKING HYPOTHESIS (Hi) IS ACCEPTED.
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
WORKING HYPOTHESIS(Hi)
IS ACCEPTED, THUS THE DISTANCE EDUCATION
PROGRAM DOES AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
STUDENTS LANGUAGE SKILLS
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
CONCLUSIONS
E-learning applied to the Linguistics in English
Program is a must alternative to improve the
teaching and learning of the LSD nowadays.
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
RECOMMENDATIONS
The implementation of a virtual system in Applied
Linguistics in English Program will allow the
professors and students to take advantage of
the TICs.
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PART FIVE
THE PROPOSAL
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THE PROPOSAL
E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
VIRTUAL LEARNING (E-LEARNING) IN THE
APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
INTRODUCTION

• Technologies of Information and Communications
  (TICs).
• Works without limitation of space and time.
• Allows to work in asynchronous and synchronous
  activities.

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
E-CAPACITY OF STORAGE
EASY ACCESS TO A WIDE SOURCE OF INFO
CONTRIBUTION OF THE TICs
RAPID PROCESS AND RELIABLE TYPE OF DATA
DIGITALIZATION OF INFORMATION
INTER-ACTIVITY OF INFORMATION
CHANNELS OF IMMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
Inexpensive worldwide distribution
Multidirectional medium
ADVANTAGES
Cross-platform
Software widely available
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
Use of TICs
Fluency and dinamic communication
series of opportunities and tasks
PRINCIPLES
Convenience and fexibility to learners
Quality Education
Minimun environmental impact
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
ACTORS
Learners/students
Teachers/Advisors

• Interaction with graphics designers and system
  programers.
• Knowledge and skills in the management of TICs.
• Practice methodological strategies
• Ongoing and dynamic communication with everybody
• Use of methodologies

• High level of autonomy
• Use of TICs.
• Interaction with everybody
• Ongoing communicatio asynchronous and
  synchronous -wise
• Discipline

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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
LESSON PLAN
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
LESSON PLAN
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
LESSON PLAN
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
E-LEARNING
LESSON PLAN
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E S P E APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM
THANKS SO MUCH FOR YOUR VALUABLE TIME