Henry VIII Pages of (1491-1547) private life

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Henry VIII Pages of (1491-1547)
private life
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The dynasty of Tudors
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• Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, a member
  of Richard Ill's family, because he needed to
  protect himself from those who had the power to
  overthrow him.

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• The end of the Wars of the Roses and the
  marriage of Henry Tudor with Princess Elizabeth,
  heiress of the House of York (1485) were the
  events that symbolized the end of the Middle Ages
  in Britain.

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• On 14 November 1501, Arthur, who was just
  fifteen, married Catherine at St Paul's Cathedral
  in London.

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• Henry VIII was born in Greenwich, in 1491. He
  was a second son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth
  of York.

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• In 1509 Henry VII died. His son Henry now became
  king of England and the English people appeared
  to be happy that they had a new king.

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• Henry relied heavily on Thomas Wolsey, an
  Ipswich butcher's son, who became Lord Chancellor
  in 1515, and other government ministers to run
  the country.

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• Wolsey became one of the most powerful ministers
  in British history (symbolised by his building of
  Hampton Court Palace).

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• Unsuccessful Anglo-Spanish campaigns against
  France, ending in peace with France in 1520, when
  he spent huge sums on displays and tournaments at
  the Field of the Cloth of Gold.

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• Henry also invested in the navy, and increased
  its size from 5 to 53 ships (including the Mary
  Rose, the remains of which lie in the Portsmouth
  Naval Museum).

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• In May 1529, Wolsey failed to gain the Pope's
  agreement to resolve Henry's case in England. All
  the efforts of Henry and his advisers came to
  nothing Wolsey was dismissed and arrested, but
  died before he could be brought to trial.

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• Wolsey's eventual successor Thomas Cromwell
  (Henry's chief adviser from 1532 onwards) turned
  to Parliament, using its powers and anti-clerical
  attitude to decide the issue. But he was
  subjected to a bill of attainder and executed for
  treason and heresy on Tower Hill on 28 July 1540.

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• The result was a series of Acts cutting back
  papal power and influence in England and bringing
  about the English Reformation.

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• Sir Thomas More, who replaced Wolsey as Lord
  Chancellor, was executed for treason in 1535.
  Also Bishop Fisher was executed for the same
  reason.

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• The effect of the English Protestant
  Reformation was the Dissolution of Monasteries.

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• Henry's obesity hastened his death at the age of
  55, which occurred on 28 January 1547 in
  the Palace of Whitehall, on what would have been
  his father's 90th birthday.

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Private life of Henry
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Catherine of Aragon

• In 1501, Catharine marriage to Arthur. After his
  death, in 1509 Henry VIII married Catharine and
  they lived together happily for about 24 years.
  Catharine was banished from court and died on 7
  January 1536, broken-hearted but still defiant.

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• Although Catherine was pregnant many times, only
  one of her children, Princess Mary, survived.
  (Known as Bloody Mary)

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Anne Boleyn

• Henry tried to make Anne his mistress. She
  refused and demanded that the king marry her.
  They wed in 1533. But she was unable to give
  Henry the son. So she was executed on patently
  false charges of witchcraft, incest and adultery
  on 19 May 1536.

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• Anne Boleyn, however, produced another daughter,
  Princess Elizabeth, who was the most famous queen
  in England.

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Jane Seymour

• Jane was Henrys favorite wife. In 1537 Jane,
  finally bore Henry a son, who was later became
  Edward VI. But soon after that she died in
  childbed.

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Anne of Cleves

• Henry infamously referred to his bride as a
  'Flanders mare' and told courtiers and
  ambassadors that he could not perform his
  husbandly duties because of Anne's appearance.

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Catherine Howard

• Catherine Howard was a cousin of Henry VIII's
  ill-fated second queen, Anne Boleyn. Unlike Anne,
  Catherine had betrayed the king. She was beheaded
  on 13 February 1542, only nineteen or twenty
  years old.

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Katherine Parr

• Katharine Parr was already twice-widowed and
  childless when they wed in 1543 she was also in
  love with Thomas Seymour, the brother of Henry's
  third queen Jane. She was the most intellectual
  of Henry's wives.

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• Henry died in London on 28 January 1547. He made
  sure that his son, Edward, was a great king and
  his reign will be the "Golden Age" of England.
  But Edward died of tuberculosis in 1553 aged 15.

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Results of his rule are

• Got rid of the Catholic Church in England and
  made himself the head of a new Church
• Built the first modern navy
• Henry's reformation had produced dangerous
  Protestant-Roman Catholic differences in the
  kingdom
• The monasteries' wealth had been spent on wars
  and had also built up the economic strength of
  the aristocracy
• All in all he had six wives and left three
  children Mary by Catherine of Aragon, Elizabeth
  by Anne Boleyn and Edward by Jane Seymour.

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The Tudors
The Stuarts
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Links

• 1. Birkin K., "Henry VIII. English King", 2008
• 2. Gregory F., "The Other Boleyn Girl", 2001
• 3. Gregory F., "The Constant Princess", 2005
• 4. Gregory F., "The Boleyn Inheritance", 2006
• 5. Muehlbach F., "Sixth wife of King Henry
  VIII", 2008
• 6. Muehlbach L., "Henry VIII and his mistress",
  2007
• 7. Ryzhov K., "All the monarchs of the world" -
  Moscow, Veche, 1999
• 8. Ryzhov K., "All the monarchs of the world.
  Western Europe" - Moscow, Veche, 1999
• 9. Shakespeare W., "Henry VIII", 2005
• 10. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_En
  gland
• 11. http//brims.co.uk/tudors/wives.htm.